电介质液体中弱导电粒子悬浮液的电控流变学
Electrical controlled rheology of a suspension of weakly conducting particles in dielectric liquid
摘要：
在电场作用下，电介质液体（电流变液）中的细颗粒悬浮液的性质导致了液体表观粘度的急剧变化。对于高施加的场（~ 3-5 kV/mm），悬浮液凝结成具有有限屈服应力的固体凝胶（颗粒分散在电极间隙中）。对于中等电场，悬浮液的粘度由电场强度连续控制。我们提出，在直流电压下，悬浮液中固（粒）相和液相的场分布，以及粒子间的诱导引力和悬浮液的屈服应力，都受两种材料的电导率控制。在本文中，我们报告的调查和纳米电流变悬浮液获得的结果：合成包覆纳米粒子（尺寸~ 50至600 nm，材料Gd 2 O3：Tb，SiOx.），ER流体（在硅油中混合的纳米颗粒）的制备，ER流体的电学和流变学表征。我们还提出了一个可能的解释增强的ER效应（巨型ER流体）考虑到（纳米）尺寸的颗粒，接触的颗粒之间的范德华力和静电压力在一个非常薄的绝缘液体层的组合效应。
英文摘要：
The properties of suspensions of fine particles in dielectric liquid (electrorheological fluids) subjected to an electric field lead to a drastic change of the apparent viscosity of the fluid. For high applied fields (~ 3-5 kV/mm) the suspension congeals to a solid gel (particles fibrillate span the electrode gap) having a finite yield stress. For moderate fields the viscosity of the suspension is continuously controlled by the electric field strength. We have roposed that in DC voltage the field distribution in the solid (particles) and liquid phases of the suspension and so the attractive induced forces between particles and the yield stress of the suspension are controlled by the conductivities of the both materials. In this paper we report investigation and results obtained with nanoelectrorheological suspensions: synthesis of coated nanoparticles (size ~ 50 to 600 nm, materials Gd2O3:Tb, SiOx...), preparation of ER fluids (nanoparticles mixed in silicone oil), electrical and rheological characterization of the ER fluids. We also propose a possible explanation of the enhanced ER effect (giant ER fluids) taking into account the combined effects of the (nano)size of the particles, the Van der Waals forces between particles in contact and the electrostatic pressure in a very thin layer of insulating liquid.
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