色散介质和引力场中光子的洛伦兹变换
The Lorentz Transformation for Photons in Dispersive Media and in Gravitational Fields
摘要：
本文指出，对于自由空间中光的非零能量hnu的观测，传统的解释不适用于色散介质中的类似情况。因为在这种情况下光速u不再等于c，所以关键量gamma =（1-u2/c2）-0.5是有限的。由于光子的静止能量被认为总是等于零，所以类似于狭义相对论（STR）中使用的通常程序，将其乘以γ不会产生色散介质中光子的非零结果。斐索光阻和切伦科夫辐射现象的实验证据表明，自由空间中的洛伦兹变换对色散介质中的光仍然有效。相反，光子在透明介质中的能量和动量可以通过观察光的频率、波长和折射率来获得。然而，为了准确地预测当观测者处于与物体不同的引力势时的测量结果，需要对洛伦兹变换进行修改，使观测到的光速明确地出现。
英文摘要：
It is pointed out that the traditional explanation for the observation of a non-zero energy h nu for light in free space does not apply for the analogous situation in dispersive media. Because the speed of light u is no longer equal to c in this case, the key quantity, gamma = (1-u2/c2)-0.5, is finite as a result. Since the rest energy of photons is believed to always be equal to zero, multiplying it with gamma in analogy to the usual procedure employed in the special theory of relativity (STR) does not produce a nonzero result for photons in dispersive media. The experimental evidence of the Fizeau light-drag and Cerenkov radiation phenomena indicate that the Lorentz transformation in free space is nonetheless valid for light in dispersive media. Instead, the energy and momentum of photons in transparent media can be obtained from observations of the frequency, wavelength and index of refraction of the light. A modification of the Lorentz transformation in which the observed speed of light does appear explicitly is required, however, in order to accurately predict the results of measurements made when the observer is at a different gravitational potential than the object.
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