软腭塞音产生过程中舌生物力学对言语运动影响的模型研究
Influences of tongue biomechanics on speech movements during the production of velar stop consonants: a modeling study
摘要：
本研究探讨了以下假设：在VCV序列中观察到的舌的向前成环运动部分是由于舌肌肉的解剖结构以及它们如何用于产生软腭闭合。该研究使用基于解剖学的2D生物力学舌头模型。在有限元建模中考虑了组织弹性特性，并且通过恒定速率控制参数移位来控制运动。该模型在颏舌肌、茎突舌肌和舌骨舌肌的共同作用下产生舌的升降运动。模拟V1CV2运动，其中C是软腭辅音，V是[a]，[i]或[u]。如果V1是元音[a]和[u]中的一个，则所得到的轨迹描述了在辅音闭合之前开始向前循环并在闭合期间继续沿着腭滑动的运动。这一预测与文献中发表的经典数据一致。如果V1是元音[i]，我们观察到一个小的向后移动。这也与一些对人类说话者的测量结果一致，但也与Houde（1967）发表的原始数据相矛盾。这些观察结果支持了这样一种观点，即当V1是后元音时，舌头的生物力学特性可能是负责前循环的主要因素。在左[i]的上下文中，为了解释对某些发言者的意见，似乎还必须考虑其他因素
英文摘要：
This study explores the following hypothesis: forward looping movements of the tongue that are observed in VCV sequences are due partly to the anatomical arrangement of the tongue muscles and how they are used to produce a velar closure. The study uses an anatomically based 2D biomechanical tongue model. Tissue elastic properties are accounted for in finite-element modeling, and movement is controlled by constant-rate control parameter shifts. Tongue raising and lowering movements are produced by the model with the combined actions of the genioglossus, styloglossus and hyoglossus. Simulations of V1CV2 movements were made, where C is a velar consonant and V is [a], [i] or [u]. If V1 is one of the vowels [a] and [u], the resulting trajectories describe movements that begin to loop forward before consonant closure and continue to slide along the palate during the closure. This prediction is in agreement with classical data published in the literature. If V1 is vowel [i], we observe a small backward movement. This is also in agreement with some measurements on human speakers, but it is also in contradiction with the original data published by Houde (1967). These observations support the idea that the biomechanical properties of the tongue could be the main factor responsible for the forward loops when V1 is a back vowel. In the left [i] context, it seems that additional factors have to be taken into considerations, in order to explain the observations made on some speakers
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