马约拉纳：从原子和分子到核物理
Majorana: from atomic and molecular, to nuclear physics
摘要：
在埃托雷·马约拉纳（Ettore Majorana）诞辰一百周年（1906-1938？）之际，我们重新审视了他在原子和分子物理学方面的基础科学成果的一些方面，包括一个不太为人所知的简短交流。在那里，马约拉纳批判性地讨论了费米的解决方案，著名的电子屏蔽在原子和正离子的费米子-费米方程。我们认为，马约拉纳的一些开创性的贡献，分子物理学已经前奏的想法交换相互作用（或海森堡马约拉纳部队）在他后来的工作理论核物理。在他所有的论文中，他倾向于强调物理问题基础上的对称性，以及所用方法近似的局限性，而不是优点。
英文摘要：
In the centennial of Ettore Majorana's birth (1906-1938?), we re-examine some aspects of his fundamental scientific production in atomic and molecular physics, including a not well known short communication. There, Majorana critically discusses Fermi's solution of the celebrated Thomas-Fermi equation for electron screening in atoms and positive ions. We argue that some of Majorana's seminal contributions in molecular physics already prelude to the idea of exchange interactions (or Heisenberg-Majorana forces) in his later workson theoretical nuclear physics. In all his papers, he tended to emphasize the symmetries at the basis of a physical problem, as well as the limitations, rather than the advantages, of the approximations of the method employed.
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