跳跃洗发水和稳定的凯伊效应
Leaping shampoo and the stable Kaye effect
摘要：
剪切稀化流体表现出令人惊讶的丰富行为。一个例子是Kaye效应，当聚异丁烯在十氢化萘中的溶液的稀流被倒入流体盘中时发生。随着倾倒的进行，一小股液体偶尔从堆中向上跳跃。这种令人惊讶的效果只持续一秒钟左右，以它的第一个观察者A命名。凯，他无法解释这种行为。后来，Collyer和Fischer从每秒250帧的电影记录中提出，流体必须是高度剪切稀化的，以及弹性和“垂体”。此外，他们得出结论，需要刚性表面来支持反射的液体流。虽然单词bouncing和reflection与非连续和弹性效应相关，但我们将在这里展示Kaye效应实际上是一种连续流动现象。我们表明，凯伊效应适用于许多常见的液体，包括洗发水和液体肥皂。我们通过高速成像揭示了它的物理机制（形成，稳定性和破坏）。用一个简单的理论模型解释测量结果，该模型仅包括液体的剪切稀化行为;液体的弹性性质不起作用。我们表明，凯伊效应可以是稳定的，它可以被定向。我们甚至证明了一个稳定的Kaye效应薄肥皂膜不包括一个刚性的背衬表面的必要性。
英文摘要：
Shear-thinning fluids exhibit surprisingly rich behaviour. One example is the Kaye effect which occurs when a thin stream of a solution of polyisobutylene in Decalin is poured into a dish of the fluid. As pouring proceeds, a small stream of liquid occasionally leaps upward from the heap. This surprising effect, which lasts only a second or so, is named after its first observer A. Kaye, who could offer no explanation for this behaviour. Later, Collyer and Fischer suggested from 250 frames per second cine recordings that the fluid must be highly shear thinning as well as elastic and 'pituitous'. In addition, they concluded that a rigid surface is required to back the reflected liquid stream. While the words bouncing and reflection are associated with non-continuous and elastic effects, we will show here that the Kaye effect is in fact a continuous flow phenomenon. We show that the Kaye effect works for many common fluids, including shampoos and liquid soaps. We reveal its physical mechanism (formation, stability and disruption) through high-speed imaging. The measurements are interpreted with a simple theoretical model including only the shear thinning behaviour of the liquid; elastic properties of the liquid play no role. We show that the Kaye effect can be stable and that it can be directed. We even demonstrate a stable Kaye effect on a thin soap film excluding the necessity of a rigid backing surface.
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