论低速运动物体的电动力学
On the electrodynamics of moving bodies at low velocities
摘要：
我们讨论了开创性的文章中，勒贝拉克和列维-勒布隆德已经确定了两个伽利略极限的电磁学，其现代意义。我们用他们的结果指出了在狭义相对论和电磁学的文献和教学中的一些混乱。例如，人们并没有广泛认识到存在两个明确定义的非相对论性极限，因此研究人员和教师可能会使用两者的不连贯的混合物。最近的工作为经典电磁学中规范条件的选择提供了新的思路。我们检索乐贝拉克-列维-Leblond的结果，通过检查数量级，然后与洛伦兹一样明显的协变方法伽利略协方差的基础上的5维闵可夫斯基流形。我们强调的黎曼-洛伦兹方法的基础上的矢量和标量的潜力，而不是赫维赛德-赫兹制定的电磁场。我们讨论了各种应用和实验，如在磁流体力学和电流体力学，量子力学，超导性，连续介质等，目前的技术，波不考虑在内，实际上是基于伽利略电磁学。
英文摘要：
We discuss the seminal article in which Le Bellac and Levy-Leblond have identified two Galilean limits of electromagnetism, and its modern implications. We use their results to point out some confusion in the literature and in the teaching of special relativity and electromagnetism. For instance, it is not widely recognized that there exist two well defined non-relativistic limits, so that researchers and teachers are likely to utilize an incoherent mixture of both. Recent works have shed a new light on the choice of gauge conditions in classical electromagnetism. We retrieve Le Bellac-Levy-Leblond's results by examining orders of magnitudes, and then with a Lorentz-like manifestly covariant approach to Galilean covariance based on a 5-dimensional Minkowski manifold. We emphasize the Riemann-Lorenz approach based on the vector and scalar potentials as opposed to the Heaviside-Hertz formulation in terms of electromagnetic fields. We discuss various applications and experiments, such as in magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics, quantum mechanics, superconductivity, continuous media, etc. Much of the current technology where waves are not taken into account, is actually based on Galilean electromagnetism.
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