laser离子束在等离子体柱中的聚焦：相似理论和厚透镜公式
Focusing of laser-generated ion beams by a plasma cylinder: similarity theory and the thick lens formula
摘要：
结果表明，基于等离子体的光学系统可用于引导和聚焦高发散激光产生的离子束。考虑一个空心圆柱体，它最初包含一个热电子人口。由于正的径向压力梯度，流向圆柱轴的等离子体保持聚焦静电场。圆柱体作为厚透镜工作，其参数由圆柱体中自由膨胀等离子体的相似理论得到。因为透镜参数是能量相关的，所以透镜聚焦选定能量范围的离子并作为单色器工作。因为聚焦是由于膨胀等离子体的准中性部分，透镜参数仅取决于热电子温度$T_e$，而不是它们的密度。
英文摘要：
It is shown that plasma-based optics can be used to guide and focus highly divergent laser-generated ion beams. A hollow cylinder is considered, which initially contains a hot electron population. Plasma streaming toward the cylinder axis maintains a focusing electrostatic field due to the positive radial pressure gradient. The cylinder works as thick lens, whose parameters are obtained from similarity theory for freely expanding plasma in cylindrical geometry. Because the lens parameters are energy dependent, the lens focuses a selected energy range of ions and works as a monochromator. Because the focusing is due to the quasineutral part of the expanding plasma, the lens parameters depend on the hot electron temperature $T_e$ only, and not their density.
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