道路交通的元胞自动机模型
Cellular Automata Models of Road Traffic
摘要：
交通元胞自动机（TCA）模型是一类计算效率高的微观交通流模型，本文对TCA模型进行了详细的综述。TCA模型起源于统计力学的物理学科，其目标是基于对微观相互作用的最小描述来再现正确的宏观行为。在概述了元胞自动机（CA）模型，它们的背景和物理设置之后，我们介绍了数学符号，展示了如何在TCA模型的单元格上执行测量，以及如何将这些量转换为真实世界的单位，反之亦然。本文的大部分，然后继电器的几个TCA模型在文献中遇到的行为方面的广泛的帐户。目前已经有几项关于传统竞争力模式的审查，但没有一项审查是完全从行为角度考虑所有模式的。在这方面，我们的概述填补了这一空白，因为它侧重于TCA模型的行为，通过时间-空间和相空间图，直方图显示车辆的速度，空间和时间间隔的分布。在报告中，我们随后给出了在多车道设置中使用的TCA模型的简要概述，以及用于将城市交通描述为二维网格单元或具有明确建模的交叉口的道路网络的一些TCA模型。本文的最后一部分说明了一些更常见的分析近似单细胞TCA模型。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we give an elaborate and understandable review of traffic cellular automata (TCA) models, which are a class of computationally efficient microscopic traffic flow models. TCA models arise from the physics discipline of statistical mechanics, having the goal of reproducing the correct macroscopic behaviour based on a minimal description of microscopic interactions. After giving an overview of cellular automata (CA) models, their background and physical setup, we introduce the mathematical notations, show how to perform measurements on a TCA model's lattice of cells, as well as how to convert these quantities into real-world units and vice versa. The majority of this paper then relays an extensive account of the behavioural aspects of several TCA models encountered in literature. Already, several reviews of TCA models exist, but none of them consider all the models exclusively from the behavioural point of view. In this respect, our overview fills this void, as it focusses on the behaviour of the TCA models, by means of time-space and phase-space diagrams, and histograms showing the distributions of vehicles' speeds, space, and time gaps. In the report, we subsequently give a concise overview of TCA models that are employed in a multi-lane setting, and some of the TCA models used to describe city traffic as a two-dimensional grid of cells, or as a road network with explicitly modelled intersections. The final part of the paper illustrates some of the more common analytical approximations to single-cell TCA models.
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