观察者在科学中的重要性
The importance of the observer in science
摘要：
{ \em复杂度}（作为一个量）的概念一直受到许多矛盾和混乱的定义的困扰。通过明确地认识到一个系统的观察者的作用，一个观察者，附加意义的系统数据，这些矛盾可以得到解决，已经提出的许多复杂性措施可以被看作是不同的观察者是相关的情况下，和/或代理措施，松散的复杂性，但很容易从现有的数据计算。这个主题中的许多认识上的混乱可以直接归咎于科学的传统，即为了保证{ \em客观性}而将观察者从描述中排除。明确承认观察者的角色有助于解开其他混乱的主题领域。{ \em涌现}是一个被大量讨论的话题，但它可以被简单地理解为描述空间和意义空间之间的不可约化。量子力学也可以理解为一种观察理论。解释量子力学的成功使人们猜想，所有的物理学都可以归结为观察者的性质。事实上，观察者的必要（而不是偶然）属性是什么？这就需要一个完整的意识理论，而我们离这个理论还有很长的路要走。然而，在似乎已经取得进展的地方，例如丹尼尔·丹尼特的《\em意识解释》，自我观察的反复出现的主题是一个关键因素。
英文摘要：
The concept of {\em complexity} (as a quantity) has been plagued by numerous contradictory and confusing definitions. By explicitly recognising a role for the observer of a system, an observer that attaches meaning to data about the system, these contradictions can be resolved, and the numerous complexity measures that have been proposed can be seen as cases where different observers are relevant, and/or being proxy measures that loosely scale with complexity, but are easy to compute from the available data. Much of the epistemic confusion in the subject can be squarely placed at science's tradition of removing the observer from the description in order to guarantee {\em objectivity}. Explicitly acknowledging the role of the observer helps untangle other confused subject areas. {\em Emergence} is a topic about which much ink has been spilt, but it can be understand easily as an irreducibility between description space and meaning space. Quantum Mechanics can also be understood as a theory of observation. The success in explaining quantum mechanics, leads one to conjecture that all of physics may be reducible to properties of the observer. And indeed, what are the necessary (as opposed to contingent) properties of an observer? This requires a full theory of consciousness, from which we are a long way from obtaining. However where progress does appear to have been made, e.g. Daniel Dennett's {\em Consciousness Explained}, a recurring theme of self-observation is a crucial ingredient.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
