无序元胞自动机交通流模型：相分离态、密度波和自组织临界性
Disordered cellular automaton traffic flow model: Phase separated state, density waves and self organized criticality
摘要：
我们提出了一个无序的交通流模型，捕捉交通流的许多功能。它是Nagel-Schreckenberg（NaSch）随机元胞自动机在单车道车辆交通模型中的推广。它包括可能大于一个单位的随机加速和减速项。我们的模型导致其内在动力学，制动概率$p$的高值，在中间密度的恒定流，而不引入任何空间不均匀性。对于快速驾驶员$p\to 0$的系统，该模型表现出密度波的行为，在汽车跟随模型中观察到的最佳速度。我们提出的无序模型的差距展品，$p$和随机减速的高值，在临界密度，幂律分布，这是一个霍尔标记的自组织临界性现象。
英文摘要：
We suggest a disordered traffic flow model that captures many features of traffic flow. It is an extension of the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) stochastic cellular automata for single line vehicular traffic model. It incorporates random acceleration and deceleration terms that may be greater than one unit. Our model leads under its intrinsic dynamics, for high values of braking probability $p$, to a constant flow at intermediate densities without introducing any spatial inhomogeneities. For a system of fast drivers $p\to 0$, the model exhibits a density wave behavior that was observed in car following models with optimal velocity. The gap of the disordered model we present exhibits, for high values of $p$ and random deceleration, at a critical density, a power law distribution which is a hall mark of a self organized criticality phenomena.
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