经典电磁学的规范不变性
The gauge non-invariance of Classical Electromagnetism
摘要：
“具有基本意义的物理理论往往是规范理论。在这些理论中，被处理的物理系统被描述为比物理上独立的自由度更多的变量。物理上有意义的自由度，然后重新出现，作为那些在连接变量的变换（规范变换）下不变的。因此，我们引入了额外的变量来使描述更加透明，同时引入了规范对称性来提取物理相关的内容。值得注意的是，进步的道路总是朝着增加变量的数量和引入更强大的对称性的方向发展，而不是相反地旨在减少变量的数量和消除对称性。我们主张经典电磁学的势对于所谓的规范变换不是不确定的。事实上，这些转变引起了悖论，暗示着它们的拒绝。尽管如此，电位仍然是不确定的，直到一个常数。
英文摘要：
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The physically meaningful degrees of freedom then reemerge as being those invariant under a transformation connecting the variables (gauge transformation). Thus, one introduces extra variables to make the description more transparent and brings in at the same time a gauge symmetry to extract the physically relevant content. It is a remarkable occurrence that the road to progress has invariably been towards enlarging the number of variables and introducing a more powerful symmetry rather than conversely aiming at reducing the number of variables and eliminating the symmetry" [1]. We claim that the potentials of Classical Electromagnetism are not indetermined with respect to the so-called gauge transformations. Indeed, these transformations raise paradoxes that imply their rejection. Nevertheless, the potentials are still indetermined up to a constant.
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