在干草堆中寻找针的新技术：区分新来源和随机波动的几何方法
A New Technique for Finding Needles in Haystacks: A Geometric Approach to Distinguishing Between a New Source and Random Fluctuations
摘要：
我们提出了一个新的测试统计量的基础上的得分过程，用于确定一个假定的信号，可能是一个小扰动嘈杂的实验背景的统计意义。我们推导出这个分数检验统计量的参考分布，它具有优雅的几何解释以及广泛的适用性。我们说明的背景下，从高能粒子物理模型问题的技术。蒙特卡罗实验结果证实，得分测试结果在一个显着提高的信号检测率。
英文摘要：
We propose a new test statistic based on a score process for determining the statistical significance of a putative signal that may be a small perturbation to a noisy experimental background. We derive the reference distribution for this score test statistic; it has an elegant geometrical interpretation as well as broad applicability. We illustrate the technique in the context of a model problem from high-energy particle physics. Monte Carlo experimental results confirm that the score test results in a significantly improved rate of signal detection.
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