介观系统中的宏观相干效应：在大学实验室中薄银膜的弱局域化
Macroscopic coherence effects in a mesoscopic system: Weak localization of thin silver films in an undergraduate lab
摘要：
我们提出了一个本科实验室，研究薄银膜中的弱定位。在我们实验室制备的膜具有厚度$a$，在60-200埃之间，介观长度尺度。在低温下，电子的非弹性退相长度$L_ϕ$超过薄膜的厚度（$L_ϕ \gg a$），薄膜本质上是准二维的。在这种情况下，理论预测了由于传导电子波函数之间的相干干涉而对德鲁德电导率的特定修正，这是一种宏观上可观察到的效应，称为弱局域化。这种校正可以通过施加磁场而被破坏，并且所得到的磁阻曲线提供了关于膜中的电子输运的信息。该实验室适合参加高级本科实验室课程的低年级或高年级学生。
英文摘要：
We present an undergraduate lab that investigates weak localization in thin silver films. The films prepared in our lab have thickness, $a$, between 60-200 Å, a mesoscopic length scale. At low temperatures, the inelastic dephasing length for electrons, $L_ϕ$, exceeds the thickness of the film ($L_ϕ \gg a$), and the films are then quasi-2D in nature. In this situation, theory predicts specific corrections to the Drude conductivity due to coherent interference between conducting electrons' wavefunctions, a macroscopically observable effect known as weak localization. This correction can be destroyed with the application of a magnetic field, and the resulting magnetoresistance curve provides information about electron transport in the film. This lab is suitable for Junior or Senior level students in an advanced undergraduate lab course.
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