腔QED微激光器中的多重束缚和多原子动力学
Multiple Thresholds and Many-Atom Dynamics in the Cavity QED Microlaser
摘要：
本论文描述了一个多原子同时存在且原子与腔相互作用明确的腔QED微激光器的研究。发现微激光器显示多个阈值，类似于腔场的一阶相变。观察到作为原子-腔失谐量和原子数的函数的滞后。数据进行了比较与速率方程模型和完全量子化处理的基础上微脉泽理论。当腔与最可几速度的原子共振时，理论和实验之间有很好的一致性，但亚稳态的长寿命排除了观察到真正的稳态转变点。对于非零原子腔失谐的微激光器显示加宽和位移，这是尚未很好地理解。通过量子轨迹模拟研究了微激光器中的多原子效应和有限渡越时间效应。我们表明，在很宽的参数范围内的多原子微激光尺度与单原子理论，由于腔衰减在原子渡越时间的光子统计的扰动。
英文摘要：
This thesis describes a study of a cavity QED microlaser in which many atoms are present simultaneously and atom-cavity interaction is well-defined. The microlaser is found to display multiple thresholds analogous to first-order phase transitions of the cavity field. Hysteresis is observed as a function of atom-cavity detuning and number of atoms. Data is compared with a rate equation model and fully quantized treatment based on micromaser theory. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found when the cavity is resonant with atoms of the most probable velocity, but long lifetimes of metastable states preclude the observation of true steady-state transition points. For nonzero atom-cavity detuning the microlaser displays broadenings and shifts which are not yet well-understood. Quantum trajectory simulations are performed to investigate many-atom and finite transit time effects in the microlaser. We show that over a wide range of parameters the many-atom microlaser scales with the single-atom theory, with a perturbation in the photon statistics due to cavity decay during the atom transit time.
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