利用Hamilton正则方程修正牛顿光的微粒说：一个错失的机会
Use of Hamilton's canonical equations to rectify Newton's corpuscular theory of light: A missed opportunity
摘要：
对色散介质中光速的错误预测，在历史上一直被视为牛顿微粒说不正确的明确证据。然而，对他的论证的检验表明，它们只直接适用于光子的动量，这就留下了一种可能性，即他错误的原因是没有合适的力学理论来实现正确的光速预测，而不是他使用了粒子模型。它表明，汉密尔顿的正则运动方程消除了牛顿的错误定量，也导致了最基本的量子力学的公式，而无需参考任何开创性的实验在19世纪后期。另一种表述的波粒二象性原则，然后建议允许的干涉和衍射现象来理解的统计分布方面的大人口的光子或其他粒子。
英文摘要：
The erroneous prediction of the speed of light in dispersive media has been looked upon historically as unequivocal proof that Newton's corpuscular theory is incorrect. Examination of his arguments shows that they were only directly applicable to the momentum of photons, however, leaving open the possibility that the cause of his mistake was the unavailability of a suitable mechanical theory to enable a correct light speed prediction, rather than his use of a particle model. It is shown that Hamilton's canonical equations of motion remove Newton's error quantitatively, and also lead to the most basic formulas of quantum mechanics without reference to any of the pioneering experiments of the late nineteenth century. An alternative formulation of the wave-particle duality principle is then suggested which allows the phenomena of interference and diffraction to be understood in terms of statistical distributions of large populations of photons or other particles.
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