粒子物理学中粒子不变性的进展报告
An advance report on particle invariance in particle physics
摘要：
由于分子、原子和原子核等粒子都是复合粒子，因此必须认识到物理学对复合粒子及其组成粒子都必须是不变的，这一要求称为粒子不变性。但是困难立刻出现了，因为对于费米子我们使用狄拉克方程，对于玻色子我们使用克莱因-戈登方程。因此，粒子的不变性要求有一个通用的波动方程来描述粒子的运动，而不考虑粒子的类别。本文报道了这一课题的三个进展：（1）动量波函数关系是费米子和玻色子共有的一般关系，满足粒子侵入性的要求。作为验证，将动量波函数关系直接应用于氢原子，得到了正确的电子精细结构和自旋效应。（2）在去掉高阶项的情况下，可以由动量波函数关系导出Dirac方程和Klein-Gordon方程。(3)根据动量-波函数关系，发展了一种不同于费曼路径积分的路径积分方法，简化了量子计算.
英文摘要：
Since particle such as molecule, atom and nucleus are composite particle, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for both the composite particle and its constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use the Dirac equation, for boson we use the Klein-Gordon equation. Therefore, the particle invariance demands there is a general wave equation for describing particle motion regardless particle class. In this paper, three advances in this subject are reported: (1) momentum-wavefunction relation is a general relation shared by both fermion and boson, meets the requirement of the particle invaiance. As a test, the momentum-wavefunction relation was directly applied to hydrogen atom, and get the correct fine structure and spin effect for the electron. (2) the Dirac equation and Klein-Gordon equation can be derived out from the momentum-wavefunction relation when we abandon some higher order terms. (3) according to the momentum-wavefunction relation a path integral method was developed, differing from Feynman's path integral, it simplfies quantum computation.
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