超音速束流中的平行温度：轻原子在较重载气中的超冷却
Parallel Temperatures in Supersonic Beams: Ultra Cooling of Light Atoms seeded in a Heavier Carrier Gas
摘要：
我们最近发现，在两种单原子气体混合物的超音速膨胀中，两种气体的平行温度可能非常不同。如果种子气体被高度稀释，并且如果其原子质量比载气的原子质量小得多，则这种效应很大。在本文中，我们提出了一个完整的推导我们的理论分析，这种效果。我们的计算是现有的超音速冷却理论的一个自然延伸的情况下的气体混合物，在高稀释极限。最后，我们描述了一组温度测量上的一束锂在氩气中播种。我们的实验结果与我们的计算结果非常一致。
英文摘要：
We have found recently that, in a supersonic expansion of a mixture of two monoatomic gases, the parallel temperatures of the two gases can be very different. This effect is large if the seeded gas is highly diluted and if its atomic mass is considerably smaller than the one of the carrier gas. In the present paper, we present a complete derivation of our theoretical analysis of this effect. Our calculation is a natural extension of the existing theory of supersonic cooling to the case of a gas mixture, in the high dilution limit. Finally, we describe a set of temperature measurements made on a beam of lithium seeded in argon. Our experimental results are in very good agreement with the results of our calculation.
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