由电磁涡旋引导的粒子束：洛伦兹、薛定谔、克莱因-戈登和狄拉克方程的新解
Particle beams guided by electromagnetic vortices: New solutions of the Lorentz, Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon, and Dirac equations
摘要：
结果表明，电磁涡旋可以作为带电粒子的束导。横向上的限制是由于电场和磁场围绕涡线的旋转。在经典和量子情形下，我们都得到了描述由具有简单涡旋线的电磁波形成的各种相对论光束的大类精确解。在第二种情况下，在横向方向上的运动是完全量化的。被涡旋捕获的粒子轨迹与螺旋波荡器中的粒子轨迹非常相似。
英文摘要：
It is shown that electromagnetic vortices can act as beam guides for charged particles. The confinement in the transverse directions is due to the rotation of the electric and magnetic fields around the vortex line. Large class of exact solutions describing various types of relativistic beams formed by an electromagnetic wave with a simple vortex line is found both in the classical and in the quantum case. In the second case, the motion in the transverse direction is fully quantized. Particle trajectories trapped by a vortex are very similar to those in a helical undulator.
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