靶分布加速器驱动的核废料嬗变系统
System for Nuclear Waste Transmutation Driven by Target-Distributed Accelerators
摘要：
介绍了一种变反馈和外中子源强度控制的超热增殖堆的设计思想和特点。在高通量次临界反应堆（HFSR）中，用中子源代替控制棒，可以提高安全性并进行放射性废物燃烧。为了提高中子源强度，HFSR分为两个区域：一个助推器和一个包层，使用固体和液体燃料。使用液态锕系燃料可以将延迟中子发射体从包层输送到助推器，在那里它们可以提供额外的中子或所有必要的激发。在包层和助推器倍增因子分别为k=0.95和0.98的情况下，需要至少1015 n/s（电子束功率2.5MW）的外部光中子源速率来控制产生300 MWt的HFSR。获得大中子通量的廉价方法是靶分布加速器（TDA），其中裂变电电池（FEC）补偿薄光子产生靶中损失的束能量。FEC本质上是一个高压电源，它将裂变碎片的动能直接转换为约2 MV的电势。
英文摘要：
A design concept and characteristics for an epithermal breeder controlled by variable feedback and external neutron source intensity are presented. By replacing the control rods with neutron sources, we could improve safety and perform radioactive waste burning in high flux subcritical reactors (HFSR). To increase neutron source intensity the HFSR is divided into two zones: a booster and a blanket operating with solid and liquid fuels. Use of a liquid actinide fuel permits transport of the delayed-neutron emitters from the blanket to the booster where they can provide additional neutrons or all the necessary excitation. With blanket and booster multiplication factors of k=0.95 and 0.98, respectively, an external photoneutron source rate of at least 10.sup.15 n/s (electron beam power 2.5MW) is needed to control the HFSR that produces 300MWt. An inexpensive method of obtaining large neutron fluxes is target-distributed accelerators (TDA), in which a fission electrical cell (FEC) compensates for lost beam energy in the thin photon production targets. The FEC is essentially a high-voltage power source that directly converts the kinetic energy of the fission fragments into electrical potential of about 2 MV.
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