浅谈反向喷头
An Elementary Treatment of the Reverse Sprinkler
摘要：
我们讨论反向洒水器问题：洒水器如何在浸没并吸入水时转向？我们提出了一个解决方案，只需要在介绍大学水平的力学和流体动力学的知识。我们认为，随着水流的开始，洒水器短暂地经历了一个扭矩，这将使它转向流入的水，而随着水流的停止，它短暂地经历了一个扭矩在相反的方向。当水稳定地流入时，预计没有扭矩，除非考虑耗散效应，如粘度。耗散效应导致小的扭矩，该扭矩将导致喷洒器臂朝向稳定进入的水加速。我们的结论进行了讨论，根据分析的力量，守恒的角动量，和其他人报道的实验结果。我们回顾了这个问题的相互矛盾的出版治疗，其中一些是不正确的，其中许多已经引入了复杂性，模糊了所涉及的基本物理。
英文摘要：
We discuss the reverse sprinkler problem: How does a sprinkler turn when submerged and made to suck in water? We propose a solution that requires only a knowledge of mechanics and fluid dynamics at the introductory university level. We argue that as the flow of water starts, the sprinkler briefly experiences a torque that would make it turn toward the incoming water, while as the flow of water ceases it briefly experiences a torque in the opposite direction. No torque is expected when water is flowing steadily into it unless dissipative effects, such as viscosity, are considered. Dissipative effects result in a small torque that would cause the sprinkler arm to accelerate toward the steadily incoming water. Our conclusions are discussed in light of an analysis of forces, conservation of angular momentum, and the experimental results reported by others. We review the conflicting published treatments of this problem, some of which have been incorrect and many of which have introduced complications that obscure the basic physics involved.
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