低成本校园网Cosmic Ray检测器数据采集卡
Low-Cost Data Acquisition Card for School-Network Cosmic Ray Detectors
摘要：
内布拉斯加大学/林肯分校的宇宙射线观测项目（CROP）和华盛顿大学/西雅图分校的华盛顿地区大规模时间符合阵列（WALTA）是在北美各地城市的当地高中安装宇宙射线探测器的几个推广项目之一，以研究高能宇宙射线的起源和相互作用。在Fermilab、CROP和WALTA的扩展计划QuarkNet之间的合作中，开发了一种低成本的数据采集电子卡，用于收集和同步来自每个探测器站点的数据。每张卡的零部件成本低于500美元，在功能上取代了每个高中站点更昂贵的电子箱和模块。该卡有4个光电倍增管信号的模拟PWM输入，一个4通道时间-数字转换器，用于以0.75 ns的分辨率进行本地重合和时间过阈值测量，通过CPLD和微控制器进行可编程触发逻辑，以及一个内置的低成本GPS接收器/天线模块（通过外部电缆），以优于100 ns的精度提供事件触发时间戳。温度传感器和气压计也被集成，以记录环境数据以及计数器数据。该卡通过标准RS-232串行端口连接到任何PC或笔记本电脑，用于数据输出和控制。微控制器和CPLD是现场可编程的，因此使卡的功能灵活，易于升级。
英文摘要：
The Cosmic Ray Observatory Project (CROP) at University of Nebraska/Lincoln and the Washington Area Large-scale Time coincidence Array (WALTA) at University of Washington/Seattle are among several outreach projects siting cosmic-ray detectors at local high schools in cities around North America, to study the origins and interactions of high-energy cosmic rays. In a collaboration between QuarkNet, the outreach program based at Fermilab, CROP, and WALTA, a low-cost data acquisition electronics card has been developed to collect and synchronize the data from each detector site. The cost for each card is under US$500 for parts, functionally replacing much more expensive electronics crates and modules at each high school site. The card has 4 analog discriminator inputs for photo-multiplier tube signals, a 4-channel Time-to-Digital converter for local coincidence and time-over-threshold measurements at 0.75 ns resolution, programmable trigger logic via a CPLD and microcontroller, and a built-in low-cost GPS receiver/antenna module (via external cable) to provide event trigger time stamps at better than 100 ns accuracy. Temperature sensors and a barometer are also integrated to record environmental data along with the counter data. The card connects to any PC or laptop via a standard RS-232 serial port for data output and control. The microcontroller and CPLD are field programmable and therefore make the card functionality flexible and easy to upgrade.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
