麦克斯韦方程组零解上的电磁涡线
Electromagnetic vortex lines riding atop null solutions of the Maxwell equations
摘要：
介绍了一种引入电磁场涡线的新方法。当复数Riemann-Silberstein矢量$({\bm E} + i{\bm B})/\sqrt{2}$乘以复数标量函数$ϕ$时，出现涡线。只有当电磁场为零时，即当两个相对论不变量都消失时，这种乘法才可能导致麦克斯韦方程组的新解。通常，$ϕ$函数的零点会产生电磁涡流。对这些涡旋的描述得益于彭罗斯、罗宾逊和特劳特曼在广义相对论中发展起来的思想。
英文摘要：
New method of introducing vortex lines of the electromagnetic field is outlined. The vortex lines arise when a complex Riemann-Silberstein vector $({\bm E} + i{\bm B})/\sqrt{2}$ is multiplied by a complex scalar function $ϕ$. Such a multiplication may lead to new solutions of the Maxwell equations only when the electromagnetic field is null, i.e. when both relativistic invariants vanish. In general, zeroes of the $ϕ$ function give rise to electromagnetic vortices. The description of these vortices benefits from the ideas of Penrose, Robinson and Trautman developed in general relativity.
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