早期的非平衡统计力学：确定性描述与概然性描述之间的相似变换
Brussels-Austin Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics in the Early Years: Similarity Transformations between Deterministic and Probabilistic Descriptions
摘要：
伊利亚·普里高津和奥塞尔-奥斯汀小组所关注的基本问题可以简要地陈述如下。我们的观察表明，在我们的世界经验中有一个时间箭头（例如，不稳定的放射性原子如铀的衰变，或咖啡中奶油的混合）。然而，大多数物理学基本方程都是时间可逆的，这在我们的理论描述和实验观察之间呈现出明显的冲突。许多人认为，观测到的时间箭头要么是我们观测的人为产物，要么是由于非常特殊的初始条件。另一种方法，遵循的是，考虑到观察到的时间方向是一个基本的物理现象，并制定了一个数学形式主义，可以描述这个方向是由于物理系统的动力学。在本文的第一部分，我回顾并评估了一种尝试，这种尝试在20世纪70年代初到80年代中期受到了他们的极大关注。在第二部分中，我将讨论他们最近使用操纵希尔伯特空间的方法。
英文摘要：
The fundamental problem on which Ilya Prigogine and the Brussels-Austin Group have focused can be stated briefly as follows. Our observations indicate that there is an arrow of time in our experience of the world (e.g., decay of unstable radioactive atoms like Uranium, or the mixing of cream in coffee). Most of the fundamental equations of physics are time reversible, however, presenting an apparent conflict between our theoretical descriptions and experimental observations. Many have thought that the observed arrow of time was either an artifact of our observations or due to very special initial conditions. An alternative approach, followed by the Brussels-Austin Group, is to consider the observed direction of time to be a basics physical phenomenon and to develop a mathematical formalism that can describe this direction as being due to the dynamics of physical systems. In part I of this essay, I review and assess an attempt to carry out an approach that received much of their attention from the early 1970s to the mid 1980s. In part II, I will discuss their more recent approach using rigged Hilbert spaces.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
