利用冷稳定或放射性原子束测量禁戒跃迁光谱和宇称破坏的前景
Prospects for Forbidden-Transition Spectroscopy and Parity Violation Measurements using a Beam of Cold Stable or Radioactive Atoms
摘要：
激光冷却和俘获提供了将放射性原子样品限制在自由空间中的可能性。在这里，我们解决的问题，如何最好地利用冷原子的性质，以执行观察高度禁止的线作为6S-7S Cs过渡，实现在较长的时间内，原子宇称违反测量放射性碱同位素。另一个争论点是，稳定的冷原子是否会比热原子做得更好。为了弥补阱中可用原子数量少的巨大缺点，必须利用它们的低速度。为了延长与激发激光相互作用的时间，我们建议选择一种几何形状，其中激发跃迁的激光束与缓慢的冷原子束共线，无论是从陷阱中提取还是通过塞曼慢化制备。我们还提出了一个新的可观察到的物理量表现APV，它提出了几个优点：特异性，检测效率，直接校准的可能性奇偶守恒量的类似性质。它很好地适用于冷原子束通过两个横向交叉电场区域的配置，导致差分测量和强烈减少的贡献，从M_1-Stark干涉信号，在APV测量系统学的潜在来源。我们对信噪比的评估表明，利用现有的技术，测量跃迁振幅是可能的，这是原子理论测试所需要的重要测试，在铯133中，测量的统计精度应该是1/1000，在产生速率为10^6 Fr原子/s的Fr同位素中也可能是如此。
英文摘要：
Laser cooling and trapping offers the possibility of confining a sample of radioactive atoms in free space. Here, we address the question of how best to take advantage of cold atom properties to perform the observation of as highly forbidden a line as the 6S-7S Cs transition for achieving, in the longer term, Atomic Parity Violation measurements in radioactive alkali isotopes. Another point at issue is whether one might do better with stable, cold atoms than with thermal atoms. To compensate for the large drawback of the small number of atoms available in a trap, one must take advantage of their low velocity. To lengthen the time of interaction with the excitation laser, we suggest choosing a geometry where the laser beam exciting the transition is colinear to a slow, cold atomic beam, either extracted from a trap or prepared by Zeeman slowing. We also suggest a new observable physical quantity manifesting APV, which presents several advantages:specificity, efficiency of detection, possibility of direct calibration by a parity conserving quantity of a similar nature. It is well adapted to a configuration where the cold atomic beam passes through two regions of transverse, crossed electric fields, leading both to differential measurements and to strong reduction of the contributions from the M_1-Stark interference signals, potential sources of systematics in APV measurements. Our evaluation of signal to noise ratios shows that with available techniques, measurements of transition amplitudes, important as required tests of Atomic Theory should be possible in cesium 133 with a statistical precision of 1/1000 and probably also in Fr isotopes for production rates of 10^6 Fr atoms/s.
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