红皇后是否统治着数字生物的王国？
Does the Red Queen reign in the kingdom of digital organisms?
摘要：
在两种适应性相等或几乎相等的RNA病毒之间的竞争实验中，通常两种病毒株在一种最终排除另一种之前都获得适应性。这一观察结果与红皇后效应有关，红皇后效应描述了生物体必须不断适应以保持现状的情况。我用数字生物（自我复制的计算机程序）进行了实验，以澄清竞争菌株在适应度空间中的位置如何影响红皇后效应。我发现，在竞争过程中，从适应性高峰底部采集的生物体普遍获得适应性增益，但从高峰顶部或从距离最近的高峰相当远的地方采集的生物体则不存在或很少。在后两种情况下，无论是中性漂移和最佳突变体的损失或等待时间的第一个有益的突变是更重要的因素。此外，我发现红皇后动力学通常比其他两种机制更快地导致排斥。
英文摘要：
In competition experiments between two RNA viruses of equal or almost equal fitness, often both strains gain in fitness before one eventually excludes the other. This observation has been linked to the Red Queen effect, which describes a situation in which organisms have to constantly adapt just to keep their status quo. I carried out experiments with digital organisms (self-replicating computer programs) in order to clarify how the competing strains' location in fitness space influences the Red-Queen effect. I found that gains in fitness during competition were prevalent for organisms that were taken from the base of a fitness peak, but absent or rare for organisms that were taken from the top of a peak or from a considerable distance away from the nearest peak. In the latter two cases, either neutral drift and loss of the fittest mutants or the waiting time to the first beneficial mutation were more important factors. Moreover, I found that the Red-Queen dynamic in general led to faster exclusion than the other two mechanisms.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
