蜘蛛猴觅食运动的利维行走模式（Ateles geoffroyi）
Levy walk patterns in the foraging movements of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
摘要：
在不同的生物系统中发现了尺度不变模式，在许多情况下，类似于物理学家在其他非生物系统中发现的模式。在这里，我们描述了觅食模式的自由放养的蜘蛛猴（Ateles geoffroyi）在尤卡坦半岛，墨西哥的森林，并发现这些模式类似于物理学家称为利维走。首先，轨迹的组成步骤的长度，或在同一方向上的连续移动，最好用幂律分布来描述，其中越来越大的步骤的频率作为其长度的负幂函数而减少。这种下降的速度非常接近以前的分析Levy walk模型预测的结果，该模型是搜索随机分布的稀缺资源的最佳策略（Viswanathan et al 1999）。其次，停车或等待时间的持续时间的频率分布也近似于幂律函数。最后，在猴子第一次觅食之旅的均方位移增加更快，比预期从一个随机步行与恒定的步长，但预测的范围内的Levy散步。鉴于这些结果，我们分析了不同的指数特征的轨迹所描述的女性和男性，猴子自己或当一个小组的一部分。我们讨论了这些模式的起源及其对蜘蛛猴觅食生态学的影响。
英文摘要：
Scale invariant patterns have been found in different biological systems, in many cases resembling what physicists have found in other nonbiological systems. Here we describe the foraging patterns of free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in the forest of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and find that these patterns resemble what physicists know as Levy walks. First, the length of a trajectory s constituent steps, or continuous moves in the same direction, is best described by a power-law distribution in which the frequency of ever larger steps decreases as a negative power function of their length. The rate of this decrease is very close to that predicted by a previous analytical Levy walk model to be an optimal strategy to search for scarce resources distributed at random Viswanathan et al 1999). Second, the frequency distribution of the duration of stops or waiting times also approximates a power-law function. Finally, the mean square displacement during the monkeys first foraging trip increases more rapidly than would be expected from a random walk with constant step length, but within the range predicted for Levy walks. In view of these results, we analyze the different exponents characterizing the trajectories described by females and males, and by monkeys on their own or when part of a subgroup. We discuss the origin of these patterns and their implications for the foraging ecology of spider monkeys.
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