商业用天然瓷砖（花岗岩）中的伽马辐射测量和剂量率
Gamma radiation measurements and dose rates in commercially-used natural tiling rocks (granites)
摘要：
使用高分辨率伽马射线光谱仪测量了塞浦路斯进口的用于建筑业的各种天然瓷砖（花岗岩）样品中的伽马辐射。将岩石样品粉碎，密封在1升塑料Marinelli烧杯中，并在实验室中进行测量，每次测量的累积时间为10至14小时。根据测得的伽马射线能谱，确定了Th-232（1至906 Bq/kg）、U-238（1至588 Bq/kg）和K-40（50至1606 Bq/kg）的放射性浓度。根据Th-232、U-238系列和K-40三种放射性核素的浓度计算出的空气中总吸收剂量率为：全利用材料为7 ~ 1209 nGy/h，半利用材料为4 ~ 605 nGy/h，四分之一利用材料为2 ~ 302 nGy/h。对于材料的一半利用率，室内每人的总有效剂量率确定为0.02至2.97 mSv/y。应用欧盟最近推荐的表面材料剂量标准，25个样品符合豁免剂量限值0.3 mSv/y，其中两个样品符合剂量上限1 mSv/y，只有一个样品明显超过该限值。
英文摘要：
The gamma radiation in samples of a variety of natural tiling rocks (granites) imported in Cyprus for use in the building industry was measured, employing high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The rock samples were pulverized, sealed in 1 litre plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory with an accumulating time between 10 and 14 hours each. From the measured gamma-ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for Th-232 (range from 1 to 906 Bq/kg), U-238 (from 1 to 588 Bq/kg) and K-40 (from 50 to 1606 Bq/kg). The total absorbed dose rates in air calculated from the concentrations of the three radionuclides, Th-232 and U-238 series and K-40, ranged from 7 to 1209 nGy/h for full utilization of the materials, from 4 to 605 nGy/h for half utilization and from 2 to 302 nGy/h for one quarter utilization. The total effective dose rates per person indoors were determined to be between 0.02 to 2.97 mSv/y for half utilization of the materials. Applying dose criteria recently recommended by the EU for superficial materials, 25 of the samples meet the exemption dose limit of 0.3 mSv/y, two of them meet the upper dose limit of 1 mSv/y and only one exceeds clearly this limit.
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