地基悬镜干涉仪测量大气重力扰动
Atmospheric Gravity Perturbations Measured by Ground-Based Interferometer with Suspended Mirrors
摘要：
本文讨论了利用大型激光干涉引力波天线进行地球物理测量的可能性。具有悬挂反射镜的干涉仪可以用作梯度计，测量作用在空间分离的悬浮体上的重力矢量之间的角度的变化。我们分析了大气噪声对这种测量可行性的限制。两个模型的大气调用：一个安静的大气与流体静力学耦合的压力和密度和动态模型的密度异常（气旋）的移动区域。这两种模式导致类似的结论，数值因子。除了采用静力近似外，我们还利用湍流大气模型和压力涨落谱f^{-7/3}，在更高的频率域（10 Hz）研究了牛顿噪声，为现代引力波探测器预测了引力噪声背景。我们的估计表明，这可能对实现这些项目造成严重问题。最后，对实际大气数据进行了空间分离摆角起伏的计算机模拟，给出了在频率10^{-4} Hz时的水平估计为10^{-11} rad/sqrt（Hz）。这看起来很有希望测量弱重力效应，如地球内核振荡。
英文摘要：
A possibility of geophysical measurements using the large scale laser interferometrical gravitational wave antenna is discussed. An interferometer with suspended mirrors can be used as a gradiometer measuring variations of an angle between gravity force vectors acting on the spatially separated suspensions. We analyze restrictions imposed by the atmospheric noises on feasibility of such measurements. Two models of the atmosphere are invoked: a quiet atmosphere with a hydrostatic coupling of pressure and density and a dynamic model of moving region of the density anomaly (cyclone). Both models lead to similar conclusions up to numerical factors. Besides the hydrostatic approximation, we use a model of turbulent atmosphere with the pressure fluctuation spectrum f^{-7/3} to explore the Newtonian noise in a higher frequency domain (up to 10 Hz) predicting the gravitational noise background for modern gravitational wave detectors. Our estimates show that this could pose a serious problem for realization of such projects. Finally, angular fluctuations of spatially separated pendula are investigated via computer simulation for some realistic atmospheric data giving the level estimate 10^{-11} rad/sqrt(Hz) at frequency 10^{-4} Hz. This looks promising for the possibility of the measurement of weak gravity effects such as Earth inner core oscillations.
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