囚禁粒子的基本热力学
Elementary thermodynamics of trapped particles
摘要：
我开发简单的热力学关系的非相互作用的经典粒子的集合限制在一个谐波陷阱。这种阱的体积不是一个好的热力学变量，因此必须修改热力学热力学第一定律和理想气体定律的传统表达式。我使用的振荡频率的最小的陷阱作为一个外部参数表征的限制，并得出粒子数，温度，能量，振荡频率和广义压力之间的基本关系，这是类似于传统的热力学关系的理想气体在一个刚性的体积。我还讨论了被捕获粒子的热容。
英文摘要：
I develop simple thermodynamic relations for a collection of noninteracting classical particles confined in a harmonic trap. The volume of such a trap is not a good thermodynamic variable, so conventional expressions of the first law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas law must be modified. I use the frequency of oscillations about the minimum of the trap as an external parameter characterizing the confinement, and derive elementary relations between particle number, temperature, energy, oscillation frequency, and a generalized pressure, that are analogous to conventional thermodynamic relations for an ideal gas in a rigid volume. I also discuss heat capacities for trapped particles.
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