烟囱坠落的玩具模型
Toy models for the falling chimney
摘要：
本文回顾了高层建筑物落地时在空中断裂的“落烟囱”理论。我们表明，这些破裂可能是由剪切力，通常开发的基础附近，或由弯曲的结构，这是主要由内部弯矩。在后一种情况下，破裂更可能发生在烟囱高度的三分之一和一半之间。小规模的玩具模型被用来再现下降的烟囱的动力学。通过检查在这些模型的下降过程中拍摄的照片，我们测试的适当性概述的理论。这种类型的实验，易于执行和概念上的挑战，可以成为本科生旋转力学实验室的一部分。
英文摘要：
In this paper we review the theory of the ``falling chimney'', which deals with the breaking in mid-air of tall structures, when they fall to the ground. We show that these ruptures can be caused by either shear forces, typically developing near the base, or by the bending of the structure, which is caused primarily by the internal bending moment. In the latter case the breaking is more likely to occur between one third and one half of the height of the chimney. Small scale toy models are used to reproduce the dynamics of the falling chimney. By examining photos taken during the fall of these models we test the adequacy of the outlined theory. This type of experiment, easy to perform and conceptually challenging, can become part of a rotational mechanics lab for undergraduate students.
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