在classical physics中连接黑体辐射和零点辐射：一个新的最小值原理和现状评述
Connecting blackbody radiation and zero-point radiation within classical physics: A new minimum principle and a status review
摘要：
本文对经典物理中黑体辐射与零点辐射之间的密切联系作了新的热力学分析。首先，利用绝热频率变化下的振荡器的热力学行为，我们证明了热力学函数都可以从一个单一的函数W/T，类似于维恩的位移定理。高频和低频极限允许渐近能量形式仅涉及T或w，对应于能量均分和零点能量。然后建议，谐振子的实际热力学行为是由满足Wien位移结果的函数给出的，该函数在低频下的标度解耦能量均分和高频下的标度不变零点能量之间提供了最平滑的插值。这导致了普朗克光谱。其次，我们转向辐射在一个盒子与导电墙和导电分区，使离散正常模式结构的盒子变得重要。对比卡西米尔能量的瑞利-金斯和零点光谱进行了探索。瑞利-金斯谱不涉及能量随配分位置的变化，零点谱不涉及熵的变化。有人建议，普朗克光谱与零点辐射满足一个自然的最小值原则，对应于最大的独立性的系统能量从分区的位置为一个固定的温度。数值计算用于验证。第三，我们回顾了经典物理中普朗克辐射谱的推导，所有这些推导都涉及零点辐射。
英文摘要：
A new thermodynamic analysis is presented for the intimate connections between blackbody radiation and zero-point radiation within classical physics. First, using the thermodynamic behavior of an oscillator under an adiabatic change of frequency, we show that the thermodynamic functions can all be derived from a single function of w/T, analogous to Wien's displacement theorem. The high- and low-frequency limits allow asymptotic energy forms involving T alone or w alone, corresponding to energy equipartition and zero-point energy. It is then suggested that the actual thermodynamic behavior for a harmonic oscillator is given by the function satisfying the Wien displacement result which provides the smoothest possible interpolation between scale-decoupled energy equipartition at low frequency and scale-invariant zero-point energy at high frequency. This leads to the Planck spectrum. Second, we turn to radiation in a box with conducting walls and a conducting partition so that the discrete normal mode structure of the box becomes important. The contrasting Casimir energies are explored for the Rayleigh-Jeans and zero-point spectra. The Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum involves no change of energy with partition position, and the zero-point spectrum involves no change of entropy. It is suggested that the Planck spectrum with zero-point radiation satisfies a natural minimum principle which corresponds to greatest independence of the system energy from the position of the partition for a fixed temperature. Numerical calculation is used for confirmation. Third, we review the previous derivations of the Planck radiation spectrum in classical physics, all of which involve zero-point radiation.
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