真空中的光弹和光学坍缩
Light bullets and optical collapse in vacuum
摘要：
在量子电动力学中，光子-光子散射可以是虚电子-正电子对交换的结果。实际上，这在麦克斯韦方程中产生了自相互作用项，类似于非线性光学中由于偏振引起的非线性。这些自相互作用项在平行传播波的极限中消失。然而，如果使用在有界区域中生成的模式，则将存在非零的总效应。我们发现，由于量子电动力学真空非线性对色散和衍射的平衡作用，在导向结构中可以形成静止的二维光子弹。这些轻子弹是不稳定的，并表现出自聚焦坍缩的可能性。我们的结果的后果进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
In quantum electrodynamics, photon--photon scattering can be the result of the exchange of virtual electron--positron pairs. Effectively, this gives rise to self-interaction terms in Maxwell's equations, similar to the nonlinearities due to polarization in nonlinear optics. These self-interaction terms vanish in the limit of parallel propagating waves. However if the modes generated in bounded regions are used, there will be a non-zero total effect. We show that stationary two-dimensional light bullets can form in guiding structures, due to the balancing effect of quantum electrodynamical vacuum nonlinearities on dispersion and diffraction. These light bullets are unstable and exhibit the possibility of self-focusing collapse. The consequences of our results are also discussed.
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