聚变等离子体中的长寿命细丝：观察和微粒组装骨架假设状态的评论
Long-lived filaments in fusion plasmas: review of observations and status of hypothesis of microdust-assembled skeletons
摘要：
本文综述了聚变等离子体（托卡马克、Z箍缩、等离子体聚焦）中长寿命灯丝的研究进展。本文报道了（i）解析LLF的精细结构，（ii）验证我们的假设（1998），该假设认为LLF具有微固体骨架。最近的概念验证研究表明，在放电的初始阶段（例如，在10 nm - 10 mcm的范围内），在托卡马克T-10中的各种尘埃沉积物和（ii）在100 mcm - 10 cm的范围内的等离子体的可见光图像中存在管状和车轮状结构。放电电流出现之前）、等离子体聚焦和真空火花。上述结构的拓扑相似性（特别是“侧手翻”）和观察到的从较小的小管组装较大的小管的趋势（即自相似性）允许在尘埃沉积物中的微粒骨架和聚变等离子体中的厘米级LLF之间架起一座桥梁。
英文摘要：
A brief review is given of the progress in studying the long-lived filaments (LLFs) in fusion plasmas (tokamaks, Z-pinch, plasma focus). The paper reports on (i) resolving the fine structure of LLFs, and (ii) verification of our hypothesis (1998) which suggested the LLFs to possess a microsolid skeleton. The recent proof-of-concept studies showed the presence of tubular and cartwheel-like structures in (i) various dust deposits in tokamak T-10, in the range 10 nm - 10 mcm, and (ii) visible light images of plasma, in the range 100 mcm - 10 cm, at initial stage of discharge (e.g., before appearance of discharge electric current) in tokamak, plasma focus and vacuum spark. The topological similarity of the above structures (especially, "cartwheels") and the observed trend of assembling bigger tubules from smaller ones (i.e. the self-similarity) allow to draw a bridge between the microdust skeletons in the dust deposits and the centimeter scale LLFs in fusion plasmas.
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