因果性、对称性和量子力学
Causality, Symmetries, and Quantum Mechanics
摘要：
有人认为，没有证据表明因果关系是量子现象中的一种形而上学关系。假设不存在因果律，而只有受对称性约束的物理过程的概率，自然会引出量子力学。特别是，一个论点是为什么有概率幅是复数，它服从玻恩规则的量子概率。这一论点将量子力学的费曼路径积分公式推广到包括对称性所允许的所有可能的作用，但在目前可获得的能量标度下只能观察到最低阶项。引入关系现实的概念是为了赋予概率以物理意义。这似乎引起了对量子力学的新解释。
英文摘要：
It is argued that there is no evidence for causality as a metaphysical relation in quantum phenomena. The assumption that there are no causal laws, but only probabilities for physical processes constrained by symmetries, leads naturally to quantum mechanics. In particular, an argument is made for why there are probability amplitudes that are complex numbers, which obey the Born rule for quantum probabilities. This argument generalizes the Feynman path integral formulation of quantum mechanics to include all possible actions that are allowed by symmetries, but only the lowest order terms are observable at the presently accessible energy scales. The notion of relational reality is introduced in order to give physical meaning to probabilities. This appears to give rise to a new interpretation of quantum mechanics.
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