小腔中激发态原子的稳定性
Stability of excited atoms in small cavities
摘要：
我们考虑一个系统，它由一个频率为$\barω$的谐振子近似的原子组成，耦合到半径为R的球形反射腔中的标量势。我们使用{ \it dressed}状态在以前的出版物中介绍[Andion，Malbouisson和Matos Neto，J.Phys.A34，3735（2001）]，它允许原子辐射过程的非微扰统一描述，在这两种情况下，有限或任意大的腔。在原子处于第一激发态的初始条件下，研究了小腔中原子的能量分布，得出了激发态原子的准稳定性结论。例如，对于频率为$\barω\sim 4.00\times 10^{14}/s$（可见红光）的$\barω$，从原子处于第一激发态的初始条件出发，我们发现，对于直径为$2R\sim 1.0\times 10^{-6}m$的腔，原子在任何时候仍处于第一激发态的概率将为97%。对于一个典型的微波频率$\barω\sim 2,00\times 10^{10}/s$，我们发现在第一激发态的稳定性也为97%的顺序为腔半径$R\sim 1.4\times 10^{-2}m$。
英文摘要：
We consider a system consisting of an atom in the approximation of a harmonic oscillator of frequency $\barω$, coupled to the scalar potential inside a spherical reflecting cavity of radius R. We use {\it dressed} states introduced in a previous publication [Andion, Malbouisson and Matos Neto, J. Phys. A34, 3735 (2001)], which allow a non-perturbative unified description of the atom radiation process, in both cases, of a finite or an arbitrarily large cavity. We perform a study of the energy distribution in a small cavity, with the initial condition that the atom is in the first excited state and we conclude for the quasi-stability of the excited atom. For instance, for a frequency $\barω$ of the order $\barω\sim 4.00\times 10^{14}/s$ (in the visible red), starting from the initial condition that the atom is in the first excited level, we find that for a cavity with diameter $2R\sim 1.0\times 10^{-6}m$, the probability that the atom be at any time still in the first excited level, will be of the order of 97%. For a typical microwave frequency $\barω\sim 2,00\times 10^{10}/s$ we find stability in the first excited state also of the order of 97% for a cavity radius $R\sim 1.4\times 10^{-2}m$.
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