CLOUD电离室的束流测量
Beam Measurements of a CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) Chamber
摘要：
最近观察到全球云量与入射宇宙射线通量之间存在惊人的相关性。宇宙射线通量的自然变化的影响很大，估计造成地球能量辐射平衡的变化，与工业革命以来燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体造成的变化相当。然而，宇宙射线和云的形成之间的直接联系还没有明确的建立。因此，我们建议实验测量云（水滴）的形成在控制条件下，在欧洲核子研究中心的测试光束与云室，复制对流层的条件。这些以前从未获得过的数据将使人们能够详细了解宇宙射线对云层的可能影响，并证实宇宙射线、全球云层覆盖和地球气候之间的直接联系。这些测量结果反过来将使人们能够更可靠地计算燃烧化石燃料对全球温度的残余影响，这是一个对社会具有深远意义的问题。此外，轻放射性同位素记录表明，全球气候和宇宙射线通量之间存在着相关性，宇宙射线通量可以追溯到现在的间冰期，甚至更早。这表明，如果能够更深入地了解调制宇宙射线通量的太阳和地球的“地磁气候”，最终可能对地球气候的变化进行长期（10- 1，000年）预测。
英文摘要：
A striking correlation has recently been observed between global cloud cover and the flux of incident cosmic rays. The effect of natural variations in the cosmic ray flux is large, causing estimated changes in the Earth's energy radiation balance that are comparable to those attributed to greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution. However a direct link between cosmic rays and cloud formation has not been unambiguously established. We therefore propose to experimentally measure cloud (water droplet) formation under controlled conditions in a test beam at CERN with a CLOUD chamber, duplicating the conditions prevailing in the troposphere. These data, which have never been previously obtained, will allow a detailed understanding of the possible effects of cosmic rays on clouds and confirm, or otherwise, a direct link between cosmic rays, global cloud cover and the Earth's climate. The measurements will, in turn, allow more reliable calculations to be made of the residual effect on global temperatures of the burning of fossil fuels, an issue of profound importance to society. Furthermore, light radio-isotope records indicate a correlation has existed between global climate and the cosmic ray flux extending back over the present inter-glacial and perhaps earlier. This suggests it may eventually become possible to make long-term (10-1,000 year) predictions of changes in the Earth's climate, provided a deeper understanding can be achieved of the ``geomagnetic climate'' of the Sun and Earth that modulates the cosmic-ray flux.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
