SN1a超新星红移
SN1a Supernova Red Shifts
摘要：
最近的SN 1a数据比以往任何时候都更深入地探索太空。绘制成距离与衰退速度的关系图，发现了一种令人不安的非线性，这导致了对“暗能量“的猜测，这种能量在某种程度上起着反重力的作用。这一研究在相对论中找到了充分的解释。在存在引力势V的情况下，空间度规收缩exp（V/c^2）。在大爆炸早期，当SN 1a发出信号时，V比现在大。通过将数据拟合到相对论模型，我们探测了早期大爆炸的度规。V，由于大爆炸中的所有质量，比仅由地球引力提供的大10亿倍。大爆炸被模拟成一个密度恒定的球体，半径为R_0 = cT。时间和距离的度量缩小了，每个都是α = exp（V/c^2，本研究发现数据符合1/α = 1.55。之前，1/alpha要大得多。与星光的偏转和夏皮罗时间延迟一样，引力对空间的影响就像折射率一样，n=1/α ^2。哈勃的概念仍然有效，但几何距离而不是光学距离。对3组数据进行双参数拟合，发现T=16.24x10^9年，我们的大爆炸总质量现在是M=6.03x10^52 kg（都是我们的度量）。因为n，现在是2.41，随着时间的推移而缩小，所有M，L和T的标准（包括原子标准）每十年都会以十亿分之几的速度变化，并且应该参考一个时间定义。
英文摘要：
Recent SN1a data have probed deeper into space than ever before. Plotted as distance vs. recession speed, a disturbing non-linearity is found which has led to speculations about "dark energy" which somehow acts like anti-gravity. This study finds a full explanation in relativity theory. The metric of space shrinks, in the presence of a gravitational potential, V, by exp(V/c^2). Early in the big bang, when the SN1a's sent their signals, V was larger than now. By fitting the data to a relativistic model, we probe the metric of the early big bang. V, due to all mass in the big bang, is a billion times larger than that provided by earth gravity alone. The big bang is modeled as a sphere of constant density, of radius R_0 = cT. The metrics of time and distance shrink, each by alpha = exp(V/c^2, and this study finds the data fitted by 1/alpha = 1.55. Earlier, 1/alpha was much larger. As with the deflection of starlight and the Shapiro time delay, gravity affects space like an index of refraction, n=1/alpha^2. The Hubble concept remains valid, but with geometric distance instead of optical distance. A 2-parameter fit to 3 sets of data finds T=16.24x10^9 years and total mass in our big bang is now M=6.03x10^52 kg (all in our metric). Because n, now 2.41, shrinks with time, all standards of M, L, and T (including atomic standards) are changing by a few parts per billion per decade and should be referenced to a time definite.
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