用于消色差离子聚焦的“混合”型系统
A "hybrid"-type system for an achromatic focusing of ions
摘要：
众所周知，在高能量的离子（对于轻离子超过10 MeV）下，通过磁四极场的聚焦是最有效的，而在低能量（小于1 MeV）下，通过电四极场的聚焦是最有效的。在离子的中间能量（从1到10 MeV）下，这些类型的聚焦中的每一种的效率降低。作者提出利用为此目的的“混合”型的聚焦系统，包括一系列的电和磁四极透镜，这是本地化在同一个空间。为了制造电四极透镜的场，提供利用RF四极。RF电四极子是由于加速间隙附近的漂移管的相关配置而产生的。作为一般的理论分析和实际实现的具体版本的计算的结果，它表明，给定的系统具有优势相比，由已知的类似物在中等能量的领域。离子在保证稳定运动的速度带发生了本质的变化，聚焦变成了“消色差”。计算中质子的速度为光速的0.5- 1.0%，电场梯度达50 kV/cm 2，磁场梯度达1 T/m。该系统的消色差性允许降低加速器的辐射激活并减少损失离子对电极表面的损害。
英文摘要：
It is known, that at high energies of ions (more than 10 MeV for light ions) the focusing by magnetic quadrupole fields is most effective, whereas at small energies (less than 1 MeV) - the focusing by electrical quadrupole fields. At intermediate energies of ions (from 1 to 10 MeV) the efficiency of each of these types of a focusing is reduced. The authors offer to utilize for this purpose the "hybrid" type of focusing systems consisting of sequence of electrical and magnetic quadrupole lenses, which are localized in the same space. For making fields of electrical quadrupole lenses it is offered to utilize RF quadrupoles. The RF electrical quadrupoles are created due to the relevant configuration of drift tubes in the vicinity of an accelerating gap. As a result of the general theoretical analysis and calculation of concrete versions of practical realizations it is shown that the given system has advantage as contrasted to by known analogs in the field of medium energies. The velocity band of ions, in which the stable motion is ensured, is essentially changed, and the focusing becomes "achromatic". The calculations have been performed for protons with velocities 0.5-1.0 % of light velocity, at the gradients of electrical field up to 50 kV per square cm, and the gradients of magnetic field up to 1 T/m. Achromaticity of this system allows to lower a radiative activation of accelerator and to reduce damage of electrode surfaces by lost ions.
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