时空的真变换与时空距离的表观变换。I.理论
True Transformations of Spacetime Lengths and Apparent Transformations of Spatial and Temporal Distances. I. the Theory
摘要：
本文指出，“真变换（TT）相对性”和“表观变换（AT）相对性”这两种相对性的区别，实质上是由于物理系统的\emph{sameness}概念的不同而引起的，即：一个物理量，对于不同的，相对运动的，观察者。在“TT相对论”中，不同惯性参考系的相同量是协变定义的四维（4D）张量，其根据洛伦兹变换变换为TT。在“AT相对论”中，4D张量的各个部分对于不同的观测者来说通常被认为是相同的量，尽管它们对应于4D时空中的不同的量，并且它们不是由洛伦兹变换而是由AT连接的。然后，我们将详细考察时空长度的真实变换、空间距离的表观变换（洛伦兹收缩）和时间距离的表观变换（通常的时间膨胀）。证明了只有时空长度的真变换才符合作为具有伪欧几何的四维时空理论的狭义相对论。
英文摘要：
It is shown in this paper that the difference between the two forms of relativity - the ''true transformation (TT) relativity'' and - the ''apparent transformation (AT) relativity'' is essentially caused by the difference in the concept of \emph{sameness} of a physical system, i.e., of a physical quantity, for different, relatively moving, observers. In the ''TT relativity'' the same quantity for different inertial frames of reference is covariantly defined four-dimensional (4D) tensor quantity, which transforms according to the Lorentz transformation as the TT. In the ''AT relativity'' parts of a 4D tensor quantity are often considered as the same quantity for different observers, although they correspond to different quantities in 4D spacetime, and they are not connected by the Lorentz transformation than by the AT. Then the true transformations of a spacetime length and the apparent transformations of a spatial distance (the Lorentz contraction) and of a temporal distance (the usual dilatation of time) are examined in detail. It is proved that only the true transformations of the spacetime length are in agreement with the special relativity as the theory of a 4D spacetime with the pseudo-Euclidean geometry.
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