重离子对撞机中由$e^-$俘获和核激发引起的束管定域加热
Localized Beampipe Heating due to $e^-$ Capture and Nuclear Excitation in Heavy Ion Colliders
摘要：
在重离子对撞机上，束流损失的两个主要来源预计是产生$e^+e^-$，其中$e^-$与其中一个核结合，以及通过中子发射的光核激发和衰变。这两个过程都通过明确定义的数量改变了离子的荷质比，从而产生了具有改变的磁刚度的粒子束。这些光束将在加速器的局部区域沉积能量，导致局部加热，目标区域的大小取决于对撞机的光学系统。对于中等和重离子，在大型强子对撞机的设计光度下，局部加热可能比预期高出一个数量级以上。如果局部冷却不充分，这可能导致磁体失超。变刚度梁也会产生局部辐射损伤。这些光束也可以被提取出来，用于固定目标实验。
英文摘要：
At heavy ion colliders, two major sources of beam loss are expected to be $e^+e^-$ production, where the $e^-$ is bound to one of the nuclei, and photonuclear excitation and decay via neutron emission. Both processes alter the ions charged to mass ratio by well defined amounts, creating beams of particles with altered magnetic rigidity. These beams will deposit their energy in a localized region of the accelerator, causing localized heating, The size of the target region depends on the collider optics. For medium and heavy ions, at design luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider, local heating may be more than an order of magnitude higher than expected. This could cause magnet quenches if the local cooling is inadequate. The altered-rigidity beams will also produce localized radiation damage. The beams could also be extracted and used for fixed target experiments.
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