分类单元配置模式浅析
A Simple Explanation for Taxon Abundance Patterns
摘要：
在高于种的分类水平上，每个分类单元的亚分类单元数的丰度分布趋于幂律，但往往表现出强烈的偏离。以前，这些偏差归因于有限时间的影响，在一个连续的时间分支过程中的通用水平。相反，我们在这里描述了一个简单的离散分支过程，产生所观察到的分布，并发现分布的偏离幂律形式是不平衡造成的，而是它是时间无关的，并确定的利益类群的进化特性。我们的模型预测-没有自由参数-从化石记录中获得的化石海洋动物目中的科数的秩-频分布。我们发现，近幂律分布在统计上几乎是不可避免的类群高于种。分支模型还揭示了物种丰度模式，以及进化过程，自组织临界性和分形之间的联系。
英文摘要：
For taxonomic levels higher than species, the abundance distributions of number of subtaxa per taxon tend to approximate power laws, but often show strong deviationns from such a law. Previously, these deviations were attributed to finite-time effects in a continuous time branching process at the generic level. Instead, we describe here a simple discrete branching process which generates the observed distributions and find that the distribution's deviation from power-law form is not caused by disequilibration, but rather that it is time-independent and determined by the evolutionary properties of the taxa of interest. Our model predicts-with no free parameters-the rank-frequency distribution of number of families in fossil marine animal orders obtained from the fossil record. We find that near power-law distributions are statistically almost inevitable for taxa higher than species. The branching model also sheds light on species abundance patterns, as well as on links between evolutionary processes, self-organized criticality and fractals.
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