First, we provide another proof that the signed count of the real $J$-holomorphic spheres (or $J$-holomorphic discs) passing through a generic real configuration of $k$ points is independent of the choice of the real configuration and the choice of $J$, if the dimension of the Lagrangian submanifold $L$ (fixed points set of the involution) is two or three, and also if we assume $L$ is orientable and relatively spin, and $M$ is strongly semi-positive. This theorem was first proved by Welschinger in a more general setting, and we provide more natural approach using the degree of evaluation maps from the moduli spaces of $J$-holomorphic discs. Then, we define the invariant count of discs intersecting cycles of a symplectic manifold at fixed interior marked points, and intersecting real points at the boundary under certain assumptions. The last result is new and was not proved by Welshinger's method.
Let M be a symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian circle action and let L be an invariant Lagrangian submanifold of M. We study the problem of counting holomorphic disc sections of the trivial M-bundle over a disc with boundary in L through degeneration. We obtain a conjectural relationship between the potential function of L and the Seidel element associated to the circle action. When applied to a Lagrangian torus fibre of a semi-positive toric manifold, this degeneration argument reproduces a conjecture (now a theorem) of Chan-Lau-Leung-Tseng relating certain correction terms appear…
We define the counting of holomorphic cylinders in log Calabi-Yau surfaces. Although we start with a complex log Calabi-Yau surface, the counting is achieved by applying methods from non-archimedean geometry. This gives rise to new geometric invariants. Moreover, we prove that the counting satisfies a property of symmetry. Explicit calculations are given for a del Pezzo surface in detail, which verify the conjectured wall-crossing formula for the focus-focus singularity. Our holomorphic cylinders are expected to give a geometric understanding of the combinatorial notion of broken line by Gross…
We count the number of holomorphic orbi-spheres in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-quotient of an elliptic curve. We first prove that there is an explicit correspondence between the holomorphic orbi-spheres and the sublattices of $\mathbb{Z} \oplus \mathbb{Z} \sqrt{-1} (\subset \mathbb{C})$. The problem of counting sublattices of index $d$ then reduces to find the number of integer solutions of the equation $αδ- βγ= d$ up to an equivalence.
We define rational numbers counting holomorphic disks bounding a complex lagrangian submanifold on a hyperkhaler manifold of real dimension four. We provide a simple a direct proof of Kontsevich-Soibelman Wall Crossing Formula for these rational invariants.
We prove three fundamental properties of counting holomorphic cylinders in log Calabi-Yau surfaces: positivity, integrality and the gluing formula. Positivity and integrality assert that the numbers of cylinders, defined via virtual techniques, are in fact nonnegative integers. The gluing formula roughly says that cylinders can be glued together to form longer cylinders, and the number of longer cylinders equals the product of the numbers of shorter cylinders. Our approach uses Berkovich geometry, tropical geometry, deformation theory and the ideas in the proof of associativity relations of Gr…
n this paper we define an invariant of a pair of 6 dimensional symplectic %optional manifold with vanishing 1st Chern class and its Lagrangian submanifold with vanishing Maslov index. This invariant is a function on the set of the path connected components of the bounding cochains (solution of A infinity version of Maurer-Cartan equation of the filtered A infinity algebra associated to the Lagrangian submanifold). In the case when the Lagrangian submanifold is a rational homology sphere, it becomes a numerical invariant. This invariant depends on the choice of almost complex structure. The way…
Open Gromov-Witten invariants in general are not well-defined. We discuss in detail the enumerative numbers of the Clifford torus $T^2$ in $\CP^2$. For cyclic A-infinity algebras, we show that certain generalized way of counting may be defined up to Hochschild or cyclic boundary elements. In particular we obtain a well-defined function on Hochschild or cyclic homology of a cyclic A-infinity algebra, which has invariance property under cyclic A-infinity homomorphism. We discuss an example of Clifford torus $T^2$ and compute the invariant for a specific cyclic cohomology class.
We prove that the open Gromov-Witten invariants on K3 surfaces satisfy the Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-crossing formula. One one hand, this gives a geometric interpretation of the slab functions in Gross-Siebert program. On the other hands, the open Gromov-Witten invariants coincide with the weighted counting of tropical discs. This is an analog of the corresponding theorem on toric varieties \cite{M2}\cite{NS} but on compact Calabi-Yau surfaces.
There are two types of $J$-holomorphic spheres in a symplectic manifold invariant under an anti-symplectic involution: those that have a fixed point locus and those that do not. The former are described by moduli spaces of $J$-holomorphic disks, which are well studied in the literature. In this paper, we first study moduli spaces describing the latter and then combine the two types of moduli spaces to get a well-defined theory of counting real curves of genus 0. We use equivariant localization to show that these invariants (unlike the disk invariants) are essentially the same for the two (stan…
In \cite{FOinteger}, Fukaya and Ono outlined a way of counting pseudo-holomorphic curves in a general compact symplectic manifold to obtain integer valued invariants. This paper contains the details of Fukaya and Ono's suggested construction for any compact symplectic manifold and a large class of exploded manifolds.
We define a signed count of real rational pseudo-holomorphic curves appearing in a one-parameter family of real Spin symplectic K3 surfaces. We show that this count is an invariant of the deformation class of the family. In the case of a real projective K3 surface, this invariant specializes to count real rational curves appearing in a linear system on the surface.
Let $\mathbb{R} \times (P \times \mathbb{R})$ be the symplectisation of the contactisation of an exact symplectic manifold $P$, and let $\mathbb{R} \times Λ$ be a cylinder over a Legendrian submanifold in the contactisation. We show that a pseudo-holomorphic polygon in $P$ having boundary on the projection of $Λ$ can be lifted to a pseudo-holomorphic disc in the symplectisation having boundary on $\mathbb{R} \times Λ$. It follows that Legendrian contact homology may be equivalently defined by counting either of these objects. Using this result, we give a proof of Seidel's isomorphism of the li…
We develop techniques for defining and working with virtual fundamental cycles on moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic curves which are not necessarily cut out transversally. Such techniques have the potential for applications as foundations for invariants in symplectic topology arising from "counting" pseudo-holomorphic curves. We introduce the notion of an *implicit atlas* on a moduli space, which is (roughly) a convenient system of local finite-dimensional reductions. We present a general intrinsic strategy for constructing a canonical implicit atlas on any moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic…
Let $K$ be a knot in the 3-sphere, viewed as the ideal boundary of hyperbolic 4-space $\mathbb{H}^4$. We prove that the number of minimal discs in $\mathbb{H}^4$ with ideal boundary $K$ is a knot invariant. I.e.\ the number is finite and doesn't change under isotopies of $K$. In fact this gives a family of knot invariants, indexed by an integer describing the extrinsic topology of how the disc sits in $\mathbb{H}^4$. These invariants can be seen as Gromov--Witten invariants counting $J$-holomorphic discs in the twistor space $Z$ of $\mathbb{H}^4$. Whilst Gromov--Witten theory suggests the gene…
We prove analogs of Thom's transversality theorem and Whitney's theorem on immersions for pseudo-holomorphic discs. We also prove that pseudo-holomorphic discs form a manifold.
Our main result is the $\mathcal{C}^0$-rigidity of the area spectrum and the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds. This relies on the existence of punctured pseudoholomorphic discs in cotangent bundles with boundary on the zero section, whose boundaries represent any integral homology class. We discuss further applications of these punctured discs in symplectic geometry.
We prove that a sequence of holomorphic discs with totally real boundary conditions has a subsequence that Gromov converges to a stable holomorphic map of genus zero with connected boundary provided that the sequence is bounded and has bounded energy.
We prove a result on removing singularities of almost complex structures pulled back by a non-diffeomorphic map. As an application we prove the existence of global J-holomorphic discs with boundaries attached to real tori.
We show that any simple holomorphic disc admits the annulus property, i.e., each interior point is surrounded by an arbitrary small annulus consisting entirely of injective points. As an application we show that interior singularities of holomorphic discs can be resolved after slight perturbation of the almost complex structure. Moreover, for boundary points the analogue notion, the half-annulus property, is introduced and studied in detail.
Recently, Gaiotto, Moore and Neitzke \cite{GMN08} proposed a new construction of hyperkähler metrics. In particular, they gave a new construction of the Ooguri-Vafa metric, in which they came across certain formulas. We interpret those formulas as wall-crossing formulas that appear in the SYZ construction of instanton-corrected mirror manifolds. This reveals the close relation between the Ooguri-Vafa metric and nontrivial holomorphic discs with boundary in special Lagrangian torus fibers.
