The cell-attachment problem, perhaps first studied by J.H.C. Whitehead around 1940, asks one to describe the effect of attaching one or more cells, on the algebraic invariants of a topological space. This thesis studies the effect of cell attachments on loop space homology. It generalizes previous work by D. Anick on spherical 2-cones, and S. Halperin, J.-M. Lemaire and others on inert attaching maps.
It is assumed that the loop space homology of the base space is torsion-free. Two classes of attaching maps are introduced: free and semi-inert attaching maps. For these cases, the loop space homology is calculated as a module and as an algebra, respectively, and is shown to have a surprisingly simple form. These results are also presented in terms of extensions of differential graded algebras.
The second part of the thesis uses Adams-Hilton models and the previous results to prove that the loop space homology of certain CW complexes is generated by Hurewicz images. This can sometimes be used to show that the loop space of a finite complex is, after localizing away from finitely many primes, homotopy equivalent to a product of spheres and loops on spheres.
A lemma, which may of independent interest, generalizes the Schreier property, which states that a Lie subalgebra of a free (graded) Lie algebra is also a free Lie algebra.
We define bounded generation for $E_n$-algebras in chain complexes and prove that for $n \geq 2$ this property is equivalent to homological stability. Using this we prove a local-to-global principle for homological stability, which says that if an $E_n$-algebra $A$ has homological stability (or equivalently the topological chiral homology $\int_{R^n} A$ has homology stability), then so has the topological chiral homology $\int_M A$ of any connected non-compact manifold $M$. Using scanning, we reformulate the local-to-global homological stability principle in a way that also applies to compact …
We consider the rational vector space generated by all rational homology spheres up to orientation-preserving homeomorphism, and the filtration defined on this space by Lagrangian-preserving rational homology handlebody replacements. We identify the graded space associated with this filtration with a graded space of augmented Jacobi diagrams.
The literature in persistent homology often refers to a "structure theorem for finitely generated graded modules over a graded principal ideal domain". We clarify the nature of this structure theorem in this context.
Cobordisms are naturally bigraded and we show that this grading extends to Khovanov homology, making it a triply graded theory. Although the new grading does not make the homology a stronger invariant, it can be used to show that odd Khovanov homology is multiplicative with respect to disjoint unions and connected sums of links; same results hold for the generalized Khovanov homology defined by the author in his previous work. We also examine the module structure on both odd and even Khovanov homology, in particular computing the effect of sliding a basepoint through a crossing on the integral…
We give a long exact sequence for the homology of a graded atomic lattice equipped with a sheaf of modules, in terms of the deleted and restricted lattices. This is then used to compute the homology of the arrangement lattice of a hyperplane arrangement equipped with the natural sheaf. This generalises an old result of Lusztig.
Let L be a strongly Z-graded ring, and let C be a bounded chain complex of finitely generated L-modules. We give a homological characterisation of when C is homotopy equivalent, over L_0, to a bounded complex of finitely generated projective L_0-modules, generalising known results for twisted Laurent polynomial rings.
We define a topological Hochschild (THH) and cyclic (TC) homology theory for differential graded (dg) categories and construct several non-trivial natural transformations from algebraic K-theory to THH(-). In an intermediate step, we prove that the homotopy theory of dg categories is Quillen equivalent, through a four step zig-zag of Quillen equivalences, to the homotopy theory of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectral categories. Finally, we show that over the rationals two dg categories are topological equivalent if and only if they are quasi-equivalent.
Poincare duality lies at the heart of the homological theory of manifolds. In the presence of the action of a group it is well-known that Poincare duality fails in Bredon's ordinary, integer-graded equivariant homology. We give here a detailed account of one way around this problem, which is to extend equivariant ordinary homology to a theory graded on representations of fundamental groupoids. Versions of this theory have appeared previously for actions of finite groups, but this is the first account that works for all compact Lie groups. The first part of this work is a detailed discussion of…
Soergel bimodules and their Hochschild homology are known to be important in the context of link homology. In this article we observe that Soergel bimodules may be naturally identified as the cohomology of well-defined objects in the category of spectra. This allows us to define forms of Soergel bimodules over the integers after inverting 2, indexed by elements in Braid groups associated to compact Lie groups of adjoint type. Reducing the Soergel bimodules modulo an odd prime, we endow the bimodules with an action of the reduced Steenrod algebra. This action extends to an action of the reduced…
Let R be a subring of the rationals with least non-invertible prime p. Let X = X^{n} \cup_α (\bigcup_{j \in J} e^{q}) be a cell attachment with J finite and q small with respect to p. Let E(X_R) denote the group of homotopy self-equivalences of the R-localization X_R. We use DG Lie models to construct a short exact sequence 0 \to \bigoplus_{j \in J}π_q(X^n)_R \to E(X_R) \to C^q \to 0 where C^q is a subgroup of GL_{|J|}(R) \times E(X^n_R). We obtain a related result for the R-localization of the nilpotent group E_*(X) of classes inducing the identity on homology. We deduce some explicit calcula…
If $R$ is a commutative ring, $M$ a compact $R$-oriented manifold and $G$ a finite graph without loops or multiple edges, we consider the graph configuration space $M^G$ and a Bendersky-Gitler type spectral sequence converging to the homology $H_*(M^G, R)$. We show that its $E_1$ term is given by the graph cohomology complex $C_A(G)$ of the graded commutative algebra $A = H^*(M, R)$ and its higher differentials are obtained from the Massey products of $A$, as conjectured by Bendersky and Gitler for the case of a complete graph $G$. Similar results apply to the spectral sequence constructed fro…
The symmetric homology of a unital associative algebra $A$ over a commutative ground ring $k$, denoted $HS_*(A)$, is defined using derived functors and the symmetric bar construction of Fiedorowicz. In this paper we show that $HS_*(A)$ admits homology operations and a Pontryagin product structure making $HS_*(A)$ an associative commutative graded algebra. This is done by finding an explicit $E_{\infty}$ structure on the standard chain groups that compute symmetric homology.
We show that Connes' B-operator on a cyclic differential graded k-module M is a model for the canonical circle action on the geometric realization of M. This implies that the negative cyclic homology and the periodic cyclic homology of a differential graded category can be identified with the homotopy fixed points and the Tate fixed points of the circle action on its Hochschild complex.
In the present paper the cyclic homology functor from the category of $A_\infty$-algebras over any commutative unital ring $K$ to the category of graded $K$-modules is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalences of $A_\infty$-algebras into isomorphisms of graded modules. As a corollary, it is obtained that the cyclic homology of an $A_\infty$-algebra over any field is isomorphic to the cyclic homology of the $A_\infty$-algebra of homologies for the source $A_\infty$-algebra.
We detect higher order Whitehead products on the homology $H$ of a differential graded Lie algebra $L$ in terms of higher brackets in the transferred $L_\infty$ structure on $H$ via a given homotopy retraction of $L$ onto $H$.
The dihedral homology functor $HD:A_\infty^{\rm inv}(K)\to GrM(K)$ from the category $A_\infty^{\rm inv}(K)$ of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras over any commutative unital ring $K$ to the category $GrM(K)$ of graded $K$-modules is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalences of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras into isomorphisms of graded modules.
We introduce a notion of freeness for $RO$-graded equivariant generalized homology theories, considering spaces or spectra $E$ such that the $R$-homology of $E$ splits as a wedge of the $R$-homology of induced virtual representation spheres. The full subcategory of these spectra is closed under all of the basic equivariant operations, and this greatly simplifies computation. Many examples of spectra and homology theories are included along the way. We refine this to a collection of spectra analogous to the pure and isotropic spectra considered by Hill--Hopkins--Ravenel. For these spectra, the …
Persistent homology was shown by Carlsson and Zomorodian to be homology of graded chain complexes with coefficients in the graded ring $\kk[t]$. As such, the behavior of persistence modules -- graded modules over $\kk[t]$ is an important part in the analysis and computation of persistent homology. In this paper we present a number of facts about persistence modules; ranging from the well-known but under-utilized to the reconstruction of techniques to work in a purely algebraic approach to persistent homology. In particular, the results we present give concrete algorithms to compute the persist…
Hyperoctahedral homology for involutive algebras is the homology theory associated to the hyperoctahedral crossed simplicial group. It is related to equivariant stable homotopy theory via the homology of equivariant infinite loop spaces. In this paper we show that there is an E-infinity algebra structure on the simplicial module that computes hyperoctahedral homology. We deduce that hyperoctahedral homology admits Dyer-Lashof homology operations. Furthermore, there is a Pontryagin product which gives hyperoctahedral homology the structure of an associative, graded-commutative algebra. We also …
Two DGAs are called topologically equivalent if the corresponding Eilenberg-Mac Lane ring spectra are weakly equivalent as ring spectra. Quasi-isomorphic DGAs are topologically equivalent but the converse is not necessarily true. As a counter-example, Dugger and Shipley showed that there are DGAs that are non-trivially topologically equivalent, i.e. topologically equivalent but not quasi-isomorphic. In this work, we define $E_\infty$ topological equivalences and utilize the obstruction theories developed by Goerss, Hopkins and Miller to construct first examples of non-trivially $E_\infty$ topo…
This thesis consists of two main parts. In the second part, we recall how a description of local coefficients that Eilenberg introduced in the 1940s leads to spectral sequences for the computation of homology and cohomology with local coefficients. We then show how to construct new equivariant analogues of these spectral sequences for RO(G)-graded Bredon homology and cohomology. Finally, we use these spectral sequences to complete a sample calculation, in which we use the equivariant Serre spectral sequence and the equivariant cohomology of complex projective spaces to compute the cohomology o…
In this paper one considers three homotopy functors on the category of manifolds, $hH^\ast, cH^\ast, sH^\ast,$ and parallel them with other three homotopy functors on the category of connected commutative differential graded algebras, $HH^\ast, CH^\ast, SH^\ast.$ If $P$ is a smooth 1-connected manifold and the algebra is the de-Rham algebra of $P$ the two pairs of functors agree but in general do not. The functors $ HH^\ast $ and $CH^\ast$ can be also derived as Hochschild resp. cyclic homology of commutative differential graded algebra, but this is not the way they are introduced here. The th…
A multifiltration is a functor indexed by $\mathbb{N}^r$ that maps any morphism to a monomorphism. The goal of this paper is to describe in an explicit and combinatorial way the natural $\mathbb{N}^r$-graded $R[x_1,\ldots, x_r]$-module structure on the homology of a multifiltration of simplicial complexes. To do that we study multifiltrations of sets and vector spaces. We prove in particular that the $\mathbb{N}^r$-graded $R[x_1,\ldots, x_r]$-modules that can occur as $R$-spans of multifiltrations of sets are the direct sums of monomial ideals.
Let G be a complex, connected, reductive algebraic group with Weyl group W and Steinberg variety Z. We show that the graded Borel-Moore homology of Z is isomorphic to the smash product of the coinvariant algebra of W and the group algebra of W.
Bordered Floer homology associates to a parametrized oriented surface a certain differential graded algebra. We study the properties of this algebra under splittings of the surface. To the circle we associate a differential graded 2-algebra, the nilCoxeter sequential 2-algebra, and to a surface with connected boundary an algebra-module over this 2-algebra, such that a natural gluing property is satisfied. Moreover, with a view toward the structure of a potential Floer homology theory of 3-manifolds with codimension-two corners, we present a decomposition theorem for the Floer complex of a plan…
In this paper we compute the singular homology of the space of immersions of the circle into the $n$-sphere. Equipped with Chas-Sullivan's loop product these homology groups are graded commutative algebras, we also compute these algebras. We enrich Morse spectral sequences for fibrations of free loop spaces together with loop products, this offers some new computational tools for string topology.
We study differential graded algebras whose homology is an exterior algebra over a commutative ring R on a generator of degree n, and also certain types of differential modules over these DGAs. We obtain a complete classification when R is the integers, or the prime field of characteristic p>0, and n is greater than or equal to -1. The examples are unexpectedly interesting.
For a tree $G$, we study the changing behaviors in the homology groups $H_i(B_nG)$ as $n$ varies, where $B_nG := π_1($UConf$_n(G))$. We prove that the ranks of these homologies can be described by a single polynomial for all $n$, and construct this polynomial explicitly in terms of invariants of the tree $G$. To accomplish this we prove that the group $\bigoplus_n H_i(B_nG)$ can be endowed with the structure of a finitely generated graded module over an integral polynomial ring, and further prove that it naturally decomposes as a direct sum of graded shifts of squarefree monomial ideals. Follo…
For commutative algebras there are three important homology theories, Harrison homology, Andre-Quillen homology and Gamma-homology. In general these differ, unless one works with respect to a ground field of characteristic zero. We show that the analogues of these homology theories agree in the category of pointed commutative monoids in symmetric sequences and that Hochschild homology always possesses a Hodge decomposition in this setting. In addition we prove that the category of pointed differential graded commutative monoids in symmetric sequences has a model structure and that it is Quille…
Magnitude is a numerical invariant of enriched categories, including in particular metric spaces as $[0,\infty)$-enriched categories. We show that in many cases magnitude can be categorified to a homology theory for enriched categories, which we call magnitude homology (in fact, it is a special sort of Hochschild homology), whose graded Euler characteristic is the magnitude. Magnitude homology of metric spaces generalizes the Hepworth--Willerton magnitude homology of graphs, and detects geometric information such as convexity.
The Hochschild cohomology of a differential graded algebra, or a differential graded category, admits a natural map to the graded center of its homology category: the characteristic homomorphism. We interpret it as an edge homomorphism in a spectral sequence. This gives a conceptual explanation of the failure of the characteristic homomorphism to be injective or surjective, in general. To illustrate this, we discuss modules over the dual numbers, coherent sheaves over algebraic curves, as well as examples related to free loop spaces and string topology.
We study the category whose objects are trees (with or without roots) and whose morphisms are contractions. We show that the corresponding contravariant module categories are Noetherian, and we study two natural families of modules over these categories. The first takes a tree to a graded piece of the homology of its unordered configuration space, or to the homology of the unordered configuration space of its cone. The second takes a tree to a graded piece of the intersection homology of the reciprocal plane of its cone, which is a vector space whose dimension is given by a Kazhdan-Lusztig coe…
