In this paper we study the differential systems on Leibniz algebroids. We introduce a class of almost metriplectic manifolds as a special case of Leibniz manifolds. Also, the notion of almost metriplectic algebroid is introduced. These types of algebroids are used in the presentation of associated differential systems. We give some interesting examples of differential systems on algebroids and the orbits of the solutions of corresponding systems are established.
Connection, torsion and curvature are introduced for general (local) Leibniz algebroids. Generalized Bismut connection on $TM \oplus Λ^{p} T^{\ast}M$ is an example leading to a scalar curvature of the form $R + H^2$ for a closed $(p+2)$-form $H$.
The theory of derivative of noninteger order goes back to Leibniz, Liouville and Riemann. Derivatives of fractional order have found many applications in recent studies in mechanics, physics, economics. In this paper we define the fractional tangent bundle on a manifold, using a method of Radu Miron. The fractional Leibniz algebroids are investigated. The associated objects have an geometric character. Some fractional dynamical systems on a fractional Leibniz algebroid are disscussed.
We introduce the category of generalized Courant algebroids and show that it admits a free object on any anchored vector bundle. The free Courant algebroid is built from two components: the generalized Courant algebroid associated to a symmetric Leibniz algebroid and the free symmetric Leibniz algebroid on an anchored vector bundle. Our construction is thus based on the new concept of symmetric Leibniz algebroid. We compare this subclass of Leibniz algebroids with the subclass of Loday algebroids that was introduced and studied in a previous paper of Grabowski, Khudaverdyan and Poncin.
We introduce statistical, conjugate connection and Hessian structures on anti-commutable pre-Leibniz algebroids. Anti-commutable pre-Leibniz algebroids are special cases of local pre-Leibniz algebroids, which are still general enough to include many physically motivated algebroids such as Lie, Courant, metric and higher-Courant algebroids. They create a natural framework for generalizations of differential geometric structures on a smooth manifold. The symmetrization of the bracket on an anti-commutable pre-Leibniz algebroid satisfies a certain property depending on a choice of an equivalence …
In this paper, we give the categorification of Leibniz algebras, which is equivalent to 2-term sh Leibniz algebras. They reveal the algebraic structure of omni-Lie 2-algebras introduced in \cite{omniLie2} as well as twisted Courant algebroids by closed 4-forms introduced in \cite{4form}. We also prove that Dirac structures of twisted Courant algebroids give rise to 2-term $L_\infty$-algebras and geometric structures behind them are exactly $H$-twisted Lie algebroids introduced in \cite{Grutzmann}.
We show that the skew-symmetrized product on every Leibniz algebra E can be realized on a reductive complement to a subalgebra in a Lie algebra. As a consequence, we construct a nonassociative multiplication on E which, when E is a Lie algebra, is derived from the integrated adjoint representation. We apply this construction to realize the bracket operations on the sections of Courant algebroids and on the ``omni-Lie algebras'' recently introduced by the second author.
We investigate a class of Leibniz algebroids which are invariant under diffeomorphisms and symmetries involving collections of closed forms. Under appropriate assumptions we arrive at a classification which in particular gives a construction starting from graded Lie algebras. In this case the Leibniz bracket is a derived bracket and there are higher derived brackets resulting in an $L_\infty$-structure. The algebroids can be twisted by a non-abelian cohomology class and we prove that the twisting class is described by a Maurer-Cartan equation. For compact manifolds we construct a Kuranishi mod…
The concept of algebroid is convenient for constructions of geometrical frameworks. For example, metric-affine and generalized geometries can be written on Lie and Courant algebroids, respectively. Furthermore, string theories might make use of many other algebroids such as metric algebroids, higher-Courant algebroids, or conformal Courant algebroids. Working on the possibly most general algebroid structure is fruitful as it creates a chance to study all of them at once. Local pre-Leibniz algebroids are such general ones in which metric-connection geometries are possible to construct. Yet, the…
We define a new differential geometric structure, called Lie rackoid. It relates to Leibniz algebroids exactly as Lie groupoids relate to Lie algebroids. Its main ingredient is a selfdistributive product on the manifold of bisections of a smooth precategory. We show that the tangent algebroid of a Lie rackoid is a Leibniz algebroid and that Lie groupoids gives rise via conjugation to a Lie rackoid. Our main objective are large classes of examples, including a Lie rackoid integrating the Dorfman bracket without the cocycle term of the standard Courant algebroid.
The metric-affine and generalized geometries, respectively, are arguably the appropriate mathematical frameworks for Einstein's theory of gravity and the low-energy effective massless oriented closed bosonic string field theory. In fact, mathematical structures in a metric-affine geometry are written on the tangent bundle, which is itself a Lie algebroid; whereas those in generalized geometries introduced as the basis of double field theories, are written on Courant algebroids. The Lie, Courant and the higher Courant algebroids used in exceptional field theories, are all special cases of pre-L…
String theory still remains one of the promising candidates for a unification of the theory of gravity and quantum field theory. One of its essential parts is relativistic description of moving multi-dimensional objects called membranes (or p-branes) in a curved spacetime. On the classical field theory level, they are described by an action functional extremalising the volume of a manifold swept by a propagating membrane. This and related field theories are collectively called membrane sigma models. Differential geometry is an important mathematical tool in the study of string theory. It turns…
We define a new kind of algebroid which fulfills a Leibniz rule, a Jacobi identity twisted by a 3-form $H$ with values in the kernel of the anchor map, and the twist is closed under a naturally occurring exterior covariant derivative. We give examples and define three kinds of cohomology two via realization as Q-structure on graded manifolds. This classifies PQ3-manifolds.
Contractions of Leibniz algebras and Courant algebroids by means of (1,1)-tensors are introduced and studied. An appropriate version of Nijenhuis tensors leads to natural deformations of Dirac structures and Lie bialgebroids. One recovers presymplectic-Nijenhuis structures, Poisson-Nijenhuis structures, and triangular Lie bialgebroids as particular examples.
We introduce the notion of G-algebroid, generalising both Lie and Courant algebroids, as well as the algebroids used in $E_{n(n)}\times\mathbb{R}^+$ exceptional generalised geometry for $n\in\{3,\dots,6\}$. Focusing on the exceptional case, we prove a classification of "exact" algebroids and translate the related classification of Leibniz parallelisable spaces into a tractable algebraic problem. After discussing the general notion of Poisson-Lie duality, we show that the Poisson-Lie U-duality is compatible with the equations of motion of supergravity.
In this paper, we show that the Jacobiator $J$ of a pre-Courant algebroid is closed naturally. The corresponding equivalence class $[J^\flat]$ is defined as the Pontryagin class, which is the obstruction of a pre-Courant algebroid to be deformed into a Courant algebroid. We construct a Leibniz 2-algebra and a Lie 2-algebra associated to a pre-Courant algebroid and prove that these algebraic structures are isomorphic under deformations. Finally, we introduce the twisted action of a Lie algebra on a manifold to give more examples of pre-Courant algebroids, which include the Cartan geometry.
In this paper, first we modify the definition of a Hom-Lie algebroid introduced by Laurent-Gengoux and Teles and give its equivalent dual description. Many results that parallel to Lie algebroids are given. In particular, we give the notion of a Hom-Poisson manifold and show that there is a Hom-Lie algebroid structure on the pullback of the cotangent bundle of a Hom-Poisson manifold. Then we give the notion of a Hom-Lie bialgebroid, which is a natural generalization of a purely Hom-Lie bialgebra and a Lie bialgebroid. We show that the base manifold of a Hom-Lie bialgebroid is a Hom-Poisson man…
In this paper we show that several dynamical systems with time delay can be described as vector fields associated to smooth functions via a bracket of Leibniz structure. Some examples illustrate the theoretical considerations.
In this paper we investigate the relations between semispray, nonlinear connection, dynamical covariant derivative and Jacobi endomorphism on Lie algebroids. Using these geometric structures, we study the symmetries of second order differential equations in the general framework of Lie algebroids.
Let G be a Lie group acting by diffeomorphisms on a manifold M and consider the image of T[1]G and T[1]M, of G and M respectively, in the category of differential graded manifolds. We show that the obstruction to lift the action of T[1]G on T[1]M to an action on a R[n]-bundle over T[1]M is measured by the G equivariant cohomology of M. We explicitly calculate the differential graded Lie algebra of the symmetries of the R[n]-bundle over T[1]M and we use this differential graded Lie algebra to understand which actions are hamiltonian. We show how split Exact Courant algebroids could be obtained …
The approach to nonholonomic Ricci flows and geometric evolution of regular Lagrange systems [S. Vacaru: J. Math. Phys. \textbf{49} (2008) 043504 \& Rep. Math. Phys. \textbf{63} (2009) 95] is extended to include geometric mechanics and gravity models on Lie algebroids. We prove that such evolution scenarios of geometric mechanics and analogous gravity can be modelled as gradient flows characterized by generalized Perelman functionals if an equivalent geometrization of Lagrange mechanics [J. Kern, Arch. Math. (Basel) \textbf{25} (1974) 438] is considered. The R. Hamilton equations on Lie algebr…
We introduce symplectic structures on "Lie pairs" of (real or complex) algebroids as studied by Chen, Stienon and the second author (From Atiyah classes to homotopy Leibniz algebras, arXiv:1204.1075), encompassing homogeneous symplectic spaces, symplectic manifolds with a $\mathfrak g$-action and holomorphic symplectic manifolds. We show that to each such symplectic Lie pair are associated Rozansky-Witten-type invariants of three-manifolds and knots, given respectively by weight systems on trivalent and chord diagrams.
We introduce the notion of a Lie algebroid structure on an affine bundle whose base manifold is fibred over the real numbers. It is argued that this is the framework which one needs for coming to a time-dependent generalization of the theory of Lagrangian systems on Lie algebroids. An extensive discussion is given of a way one can think of forms acting on sections of the affine bundle. It is further shown that the affine Lie algebroid structure gives rise to a coboundary operator on such forms. The concept of admissible curves and dynamical systems whose integral curves are admissible, brings …
