确定性交通流中的滞后现象
Hysteresis phenomenon in deterministic traffic flows
摘要：
本文研究了一维整数晶格上粒子系统的相变，其中粒子系统作匀速运动，慢粒子遵循碰撞定律。这个简单的确定性的"粒子跳跃“交通流模型是对著名的Nagel-Schreckenberg模型的直接推广，也包括作为特例的最近的慢启动模型。该模型有两个不同的各态历经（非混合）阶段，具有两个临界值。当交通密度低于最低临界值时，模型的稳定状态对应于"自由流动“（或"气态”）阶段。当密度超过第二个临界值时，模型产生大的、持续的、明确定义的交通堵塞，这对应于“堵塞”（或"液体“）阶段。在两个临界值之间，可能发生这些阶段中的每一个，当小的扰动可以将气体急剧地变为液体时，可以将其解释为"过冷气体“阶段。数学分析部分是通过精确推导给定粒子配置的单个交通堵塞的寿命来完成的。
英文摘要：
We study phase transitions of a system of particles on the one-dimensional integer lattice moving with constant acceleration, with a collision law respecting slower particles. This simple deterministic ``particle-hopping'' traffic flow model being a straightforward generalization to the well known Nagel-Schreckenberg model covers also a more recent slow-to-start model as a special case. The model has two distinct ergodic (unmixed) phases with two critical values. When traffic density is below the lowest critical value, the steady state of the model corresponds to the ``free-flowing'' (or ``gaseous'') phase. When the density exceeds the second critical value the model produces large, persistent, well-defined traffic jams, which correspond to the ``jammed'' (or ``liquid'') phase. Between the two critical values each of these phases may take place, which can be interpreted as an ``overcooled gas'' phase when a small perturbation can change drastically gas into liquid. Mathematical analysis is accomplished in part by the exact derivation of the life-time of individual traffic jams for a given configuration of particles.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
