We investigate the relationship between the metric boundary and the Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic metric space. We show that the Gromov boundary is a quotient topological space of the metric boundary, and that therefore a word-hyperbolic group has an amenable action on the metric boundary of its Cayley graph. This result has significance for the study of Lip-norms on group C*-algebras.
We prove that the class of convex-cocompact Kleinian groups is quasi-isometrically rigid. We also establish that a word hyperbolic group with a planar boundary different from the sphere is virtually a convex-cocompact Kleinian group provided that its boundary has Ahlfors regular conformal dimension strictly less than $2$ or if it acts geometrically on a CAT(0) cube complex.
Suppose a group $G$ is relatively hyperbolic with respect to a collection $\PP$ of its subgroups and also acts properly, cocompactly on a $\CAT(0)$ (or $δ$--hyperbolic) space $X$. The relatively hyperbolic structure provides a relative boundary $\partial(G,\PP)$. The $\CAT(0)$ structure provides a different boundary at infinity $\partial X$. In this article, we examine the connection between these two spaces at infinity. In particular, we show that $\partial (G,\PP)$ is $G$--equivariantly homeomorphic to the space obtained from $\partial X$ by identifying the peripheral limit points of the sam…
In this paper we show that if $Y=N \times \mathbb{Q}_m$ is a metric space where $N$ is a Carnot group endowed with the Carnot-Caratheodory metric then any quasisymmetric map of $Y$ is actually bilipschitz. The key observation is that $Y$ is the parabolic visual boundary of a mixed type locally compact amenable hyperbolic group. The same results also hold for a larger class of nilpotent Lie groups $N$. As part of the proof we also obtain partial quasi-isometric rigidity results for mixed type locally compact amenable hyperbolic groups. Finally we prove a rigidity result for uniform subgroups of…
We study quasi-isometry invariants of Gromov hyperbolic spaces, focussing on the l_p-cohomology and closely related invariants such as the conformal dimension, combinatorial modulus, and the Combinatorial Loewner Property. We give new constructions of continuous l_p-cohomology, thereby obtaining information about the l_p-equivalence relation, as well as critical exponents associated with l_p-cohomology. As an application, we provide a flexible construction of hyperbolic groups which do not have the Combinatorial Loewner Property, extending and complementing earlier examples. Another consequenc…
In the paper, we prove that a Moran set is homeomorphic to the hyperbolic boundary of the representing symbolic space in the sense of Gromov, which generalizes the results of Lau and Wang [Indiana U. Math. J. {\bf 58} (2009), 1777-1795]. Moreover, by making use of this, we establish the Lipschitz equivalence of a class of Moran sets.
For a group hyperbolic relative to virtually nilpotent subgroups, on a cusped graph associated to the group, we construct a random walk whose Martin boundary is the Bowditch boundary of the group. Moreover, the harmonic measure is a conformal density corresponding to a hyperbolic Green metric and is exact dimensional on the Bowditch boundary. The latter equipped with a visual distance induced by the Green metric is an Ahlfors-regular metric measure space. The dimension is given in terms of the drift, a Green drift and the asymptotic entropy. The Patterson-Sullivan density for the action on the…
Hierarchically hyperbolic spaces provide a common framework for studying mapping class groups of finite type surfaces, Teichmüller space, right-angled Artin groups, and many other cubical groups. Given such a space $\mathcal X$, we build a bordificationcompatible with the hierarchically hyperbolic structure. If $\mathcal X$ is proper, we get a compactification of $\mathcal X$; we also prove that our construction generalizes the Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic space. In our first main set of applications, we introduce a notion of geometrical finiteness for hierarchically hyperbolic subgroups of…
In [9] Kaimanovich introduced the concept of augmented tree on the symbolic space of a self-similar set. It is hyperbolic in the sense of Gromov, and it was shown in [13] that under the open set condition, a self-similar set can be identified with the hyperbolic boundary of the tree. In the paper, we investigate in detail a class of simple augmented trees and the Lipschitz equivalence of such trees. The main purpose is to use this to study the Lipschitz equivalence problem of the totally disconnected self-similar sets which has been undergoing some extensive development recently.
In \cite{LuLa13}, two of the authors initiated a study of Lipschitz equivalence of self-similar sets through the augmented trees, a class of hyperbolic graphs introduced by Kaimanovich \cite{Ka03} and developed by Lau and Wang \cite{LaWa09}. In this paper, we continue such investigation. We remove a major assumption in the main theorem in \cite{LuLa13} by using a new notion of quasi-rearrangeable matrix, and show that the hyperbolic boundary of any simple augmented tree is Lipschitz equivalent to a Cantor-type set. We then apply this result to consider the Lipschitz equivalence of certain tota…
Let $G$ and $\tilde G$ be Kleinian groups whose limit sets $S$ and $\tilde S$, respectively, are homeomorphic to the standard Sierpiński carpet, and such that every complementary component of each of $S$ and $\tilde S$ is a round disc. We assume that the groups $G$ and $\tilde G$ act cocompactly on triples on their respective limit sets. The main theorem of the paper states that any quasiregular map (in a suitably defined sense) from an open connected subset of $S$ to $\tilde S$ is the restriction of a Möbius transformation that takes $S$ onto $\tilde S$, in particular it has no branching. Thi…
Tukia and Vaisala showed that every quasi-conformal map of $\R^n$ extends to a quasi-conformal self-map of $\R^{n+1}$. The restriction of the extended map to the upper half-space $\R^n \times \R^+$ is, in fact, bi-Lipschitz with respect to the hyperbolic metric. More generally, every homogeneous negatively curved manifold decomposes as $M = N \rtimes \R^+$ where $N$ is a nilpotent group with a metric on which $\R^+$ acts by dilations. We show that under some assumptions on $N$, every quasi-symmetry of $N$ extends to a bi-Lipschitz map of $M$. The result applies to a wide class of manifolds $M$…
It is well known that quasi-isometric embeddings of Gromov hyperbolic spaces induce topological embeddings of their Gromov boundaries. A more general question is to detect classes of functions between Gromov hyperbolic spaces that induce continuous maps between their Gromov boundaries. In this paper we introduce the class of visual functions $f$ that do induce continuous maps $\tilde f$ between Gromov boundaries. Its subclass, the class of radial functions, induces Hoelder maps between Gromov boundaries. Conversely, every Hoelder map between Gromov boundaries of visual hyperbolic spaces induce…
We consider a `contracting boundary' of a proper geodesic metric space consisting of equivalence classes of geodesic rays that behave like geodesics in a hyperbolic space. We topologize this set via the Gromov product, in analogy to the topology of the boundary of a hyperbolic space. We show that when the space is not hyperbolic, quasi-isometries do not necessarily give homeomorphisms of this boundary. Continuity can fail even when the spaces are required to be CAT(0). We show this by constructing an explicit example.
We mainly consider two metrics: a Gromov hyperbolic metric and a scale invariant Cassinian metric. We compare these two metrics and obtain their relationship with certain well-known hyperbolic-type metrics, leading to several inclusion relations between the associated metric balls.
The large-scale geometry of hyperbolic metric spaces exhibits many distinctive features, such as the stability of quasi-geodesics (the Morse Lemma), the visibility property, and the homeomorphism between visual boundaries induced by a quasi-isometry. We prove a number of closely analogous results for spaces of rank $n \ge 2$ in an asymptotic sense, under some weak assumptions reminiscent of nonpositive curvature. For this purpose we replace quasi-geodesic lines with quasi-minimizing (locally finite) $n$-cycles of $r^n$ volume growth; prime examples include $n$-cycles associated with $n$-quasif…
Recently, strongly hyperbolic space as certain analytic enhancements of Gromov hyperbolic space was introduced by B. Nica and J. Spakula. In this note, we prove that the log-metric log(1+d) on a Ptolemy space (X,d) is a strongly hyperbolic metric. Using our result, we construct three metrics on a Ptolemy metric space and prove they are strongly hyperbolic.
Inclusion relations of metric balls defined by the hyperbolic, the quasihyperbolic, the $j$-metric and the chordal metric will be studied. The hyperbolic metric, the quasihyperbolic metric and the $j$-metric are considered in the unit ball.
Let (X_i,d_i), i=1,2, be proper geodesic hyperbolic metric spaces. We give a general construction for a ``hyperbolic product'' X_1{times}_h X_2 which is itself a proper geodesic hyperbolic metric space and examine its boundary at infinity.
In arXiv math.MG/0207296 we introduced a product construction for locally compact, complete, geodesic hyperbolic metric spaces. In the present paper we define the hyperbolic product for general Gromov-hyperbolic spaces. In the case of roughly geodesic spaces we also analyse the boundary at infinity.
The connection between several hyperbolic type metrics is studied in subdomains of the Euclidean space. In particular, a new metric is introduced and compared to the distance ratio metric.
It is known that the $\tilde j$-metric, half-apollonian metric and scale-invariant Cassinian metric are not Gromov hyperbolic. These metrics are defined as a supremum of one-point metrics (i.e., metrics constructed using one boundary point) and the supremum is taken over all boundary points. The aim of this paper is to show that taking the average instead of the supremum yields a metric that preserves the Gromov hyperbolicity. Moreover, we show that the Gromov hyperbolicity constant of the resulting metric does not depend on the number of metrics used in taking the average. We also provide an …
In this paper, we consider a scale invariant Cassinian metric and a Gromov hyperbolic metric. We discuss a distortion property of the scale invariant Cassinian metric under Möbius maps of a punctured ball onto another punctured ball. We obtain a modulus of continuity of the identity map from a domain equipped with the scale invariant Cassinian metric (or the Gromov hyperbolic metric) onto the same domain equipped with the Euclidean metric. The quasi-invariance properties of both the metrics under quasiconformal maps are also established.
We obtain explicit and simple conditions which in many cases allow one decide, whether or not a Denjoy domain endowed with the Poincare or quasihyperbolic metric is Gromov hyperbolic. The criteria are based on the Euclidean size of the complement. As a corollary, the main theorem allows to deduce the non-hyperbolicity of any periodic Denjoy domain.
We will consider inclusion of metric balls defined by the quasihyperbolic, the $j$-metric and the chordal metric. The quasihyperbolic metric and the $j$-metric are considered in general subdomains of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and in some particular domains like $\mathbb{R}^n \setminus {0}$ and the upper half-space.
A real valued function $φ$ of one variable is called a metric transform if for every metric space $(X,d)$ the composition $d_φ= φ\circ d$ is also a metric on $X$. We give a complete characterization of the class of approximately nondecreasing, unbounded metric transforms $φ$ such that the transformed Euclidean half line $([0,\infty),|\cdot|_φ)$ is Gromov hyperbolic. As a consequence, we obtain metric transform rigidity for roughly geodesic Gromov hyperbolic spaces, that is, if $(X,d)$ is any metric space containing a rough geodesic ray and $φ$ is an approximately nondecreasing, unbounded metri…
The Hilbert metric on convex subsets of $\mathbb R^n$ has proven a rich notion and has been extensively studied. We propose here a generalization of this metric to subset of complex projective spaces and give examples of applications to diverse fields. Basic examples include the classical Hilbert metric which coincides with the hyperbolic metric on real hyperbolic spaces as well as the complex hyperbolic metric on complex hyperbolic spaces.
We introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant of metric spaces called the hyperbolic dimension, hypdim, which is a version of the Gromov's asymptotic dimension, asdim. The hyperbolic dimension is at most the asymptotic dimension, however, unlike the asymptotic dimension, the hyperbolic dimension of any Euclidean space R^n is zero (while asdim R^n=n.) This invariant possesses usual properties of dimension like monotonicity and product theorems. Our main result says that the hyperbolic dimension of any Gromov hyperbolic space X (with mild restrictions) is at least the topological dimension of the …
In this paper, we study certain applications of sphericalization in Gromov hyperbolic metric spaces. We first show that the doubling property regarding two classes of metrics on the Gromov boundary of hyperbolic spaces are coincided. Next, we obtain a characterization of unbounded Gromov hyperbolic domains via metric spaces sphericalization. Finally, we investigate the topological equivalence of Gromov hyperbolic $φ$-uniform domains between the Gromov boundary and the inner metric boundary.
It is shown that a construction of Z. Zhang and Y. Xiao on open subsets of Ptolemaic spaces yields, when the subset has boundary containing at least two points, metrics that are Gromov hyperbolic with parameter $\log 2$ and strongly hyperbolic with parameter $1$ with no further conditions on the open set. A class of examples is constructed on Hadamard manifolds showing these estimates of the parameters are sharp.
We study the geometry of hyperbolic cone surfaces, possibly with cusps or geodesic boundaries. We prove that any hyperbolic cone structure on a surface of non-exceptional type is determined up to isotopy by the geodesic lengths of a finite specific homotopy classes of non-peripheral simple closed curves. As an application, we show that the Thurston asymmetric metric is well-defined on the Teichmüller space of hyperbolic cone surfaces with fixed cone angles and boundary lengths. We compare such a Teichmüller space with the Teichmüller space of complete hyperbolic surfaces with punctures, by sho…