The following problem originated from a question due to Paul Turan. Suppose $Ω$ is a convex body in Euclidean space $\RR^d$ or in $\TT^d$, which is symmetric about the origin. Over all positive definite functions supported in $Ω$, and with normalized value 1 at the origin, what is the largest possible value of their integral? From this Arestov, Berdysheva and Berens arrived to pose the analogous pointwise extremal problem for intervals in $\RR$. That is, under the same conditions and normalizations, and for any particular point $z\inΩ$, the supremum of possible function values at $z$ is to be found. However, it turns out that the problem for the real line has already been solved by Boas and Kac, who gave several proofs and also mentioned possible extensions to $\RR^d$ and non-convex domains as well.
We present another approach to the problem, giving the solution in $\RR^d$ and for several cases in $\TT^d$. In fact, we elaborate on the fact that the problem is essentially one-dimensional, and investigate non-convex open domains as well. We show that the extremal problems are equivalent to more familiar ones over trigonometric polynomials, and thus find the extremal values for a few cases. An analysis of the relation of the problem for the space $\RR^d$ to that for the torus $\TT^d$ is given, showing that the former case is just the limiting case of the latter. Thus the hiearachy of difficulty is established, so that trigonometric polynomial extremal problems gain recognition again.
We prove a pointwise estimate for positive dyadic shifts of complexity $m$ which is linear in the complexity. This can be used to give a pointwise estimate for Calderón-Zygmund operators and to answer a question posed by A. Lerner. Several applications to weighted estimates for both multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators and square functions are discussed.
For the real, continuous, isotropic and positive definite kernels on a product of spheres, one may consider not only its usual strict positive definiteness but also strict positive definiteness restrict to the points of the product that have distinct components. In this paper, we provide a characterization for strict positive definiteness in these two cases, settling all the cases but those in which one of the spheres is a circle.
We introduce the notion of Dunkl positive definite and strictly positive definite functions on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. This done by the use of the properties of Dunkl translation. We establish the analogue of Bochner's theorem in Dunkl setting. The case of radial functions is considered. We give a sufficient condition for a function to be Dunkl strictly positive definite on $\mathbb{R}^{d}.$
In this paper we give some conditions for a class of functions related to Bessel functions to be positive definite or strictly positive definite . We present some properties and relationships involving logarithmically completely monotonic functions and strictly positive definite functions. In particular, we are interested with the modified Bessel functions.
Inequalities, asymptotics and, for some specific cases, asymptotical expansions were obtained for generalized Mathieu's series. A connection between inequalities for Mathieu's series and positive definite and completely monotonic functions.
This paper is concerned with the construction of positive definite functions on a cartesian product of quasi-metric spaces using generalized Stieltjes and complete Bernstein functions. The results we prove are aligned with a well-established method of T. Gneiting to construct space-time positive definite functions and its many extensions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the strict positive definiteness of the models are provided when the spaces are metric.
We present, among other things, a necessary and sufficient condition for the strict positive definiteness of an isotropic and positive definite kernel on the cartesian product of a circle and a higher dimensional sphere. The result complements similar results previously obtained for strict positive definiteness on a product of circles [Positivity, to appear, arXiv:1505.01169] and on a product of high dimensional spheres [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 435 (2016), 286-301, arXiv:1505.03695].
Positive definite functions of compact support are widely used for radial basis function approximation as well as for estimation of spatial processes in geostatistics. Several constructions of such functions for ${\mathbb R}^d$ are based upon recurrence operators. These map functions of such type in a given space dimension onto similar ones in a space of lower or higher dimension. We provide analogs of these dimension hopping operators for positive definite, and strictly positive definite, zonal (radial) functions on the sphere. These operators are then used to provide new families of strictly…
Positive definite functions are very important in both theory and applications of approximation theory, probability and statistics. In particular, identifying strictly positive definite kernels is of great interest as interpolation problems corresponding to these kernels are guaranteed to be poised. A Bochner type result of Schoenberg characterises continuous positive definite zonal functions, $f(\cos \cdot)$, on the sphere $\Sdmone$, as those with nonnegative Gegenbauer coefficients. More recent results characterise strictly positive definite functions on $\Sdmone$ by stronger conditions on t…
We provide walks through dimensions for isotropic positive definite functions defined over complex spheres. We show that the analogues of Montée and Descente operators as proposed by Beatson and zu Castell [J. Approx. Theory 221 (2017), 22-37] on the basis of the original Matheron operator [Les variables régionalisées et leur estimation, Masson, Paris, 1965], allow for similar walks through dimensions. We show that the Montée operators also preserve, up to a constant, strict positive definiteness. For the Descente operators, we show that strict positive definiteness is preserved under some add…
In this note we give a recursive formula for the derivatives of isotropic positive definite functions on the Hilbert sphere. We then use it to prove a conjecture stated by Trübner and Ziegel, which says that for a positive definite function on the Hilbert sphere to be in $C^{2\ell}([0,π])$, it is necessary and sufficient for its $\infty$-Schoenberg sequence to satisfy $\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty}a_m m^{\ell}<\infty$.
We investigate inequalities of M.G. Krein, Yu.V. Linnik and E.A. Gorin for positive definite functions. Modifications and generalizations of these inequalities are proved. We also prove that multipoint E.A. Gorin's inequality follows from two--point M.G. Krein's inequality.
In this paper we consider Positive Definite functions on products $Ω_{2q}\timesΩ_{2p}$ of complex spheres, and we obtain a condition, in terms of the coefficients in their disc polynomial expansions, which is necessary and sufficient for the function to be Strictly Positive Definite. The result includes also the more delicate cases in which $p$ and/or $q$ can be $1$ or $\infty$. The condition we obtain states that a suitable set in $\mathbb{Z}^2$, containing the indexes of the strictly positive coefficients in the expansion, must intersect every product of arithmetic progressions.
In this paper we show that the strictly positive definite matrix valued isotropic kernels in the circle and the real dot product kernels in Euclidean spaces are not well behaved with respect to its scalar valued projections. We generalize the counterexamples that we obtained to an abstract setting by using the concepts of unitarily invariant kernels and adjointly invariant kernels, provided the existence of an aperiodic invariant function.
We study upper and lower estimates as well as the asymptotic behavior of the sharp constant $C=C_n(U,V)$ in the doubling-type condition at the origin \[ \frac{1}{|V|}\int_{V}f(x)\,dx\le C\,\frac{1}{|U|}\int_{U}f(x)\,dx, \] where $U,V\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ are $0$-symmetric convex bodies and $f$ is a non-negative positive definite function.
Let H be any complex inner product space with inner product <, >. We say that f : C -->C is Hermitian positive definite on H if the matrix $$(f(<z^r,z^s>))_{r,s=1}^n \eqno(*)$$ is Hermitian positive definite for all choice of z^1,...,z^n in H, all n. It is strictly Hermitian positive definite if the matrix (*) is also non-singular for any choice of distinct z^1,...,z^n in H. In this article we prove that if dim H >= 3, then f is Hermitian positive definite on H if and only if $$f(z) = \sum_{k,m =0}^\infty b_{k,m} z^k \oz^m \eqno(**)$$ where \oz is the conjugate of z, b_{k,m}>= 0, all k,m in Z_…
In this paper we study continuous kernels on compact two point homogeneous spaces which are positive definite and zonal (isotropic). Such kernels were characterized by R. Gangolli some forty years ago and are very useful for solving scattered data interpolation problems on the spaces. In the case the space is the $d$-dimensional unit sphere, J. Ziegel showed in 2013 that the radial part of a continuous positive definite and zonal kernel is continuously differentiable up to order $\lfloor (d-1)/2 \rfloor$ in the interior of its domain. The main issue here is to obtain a similar result for all t…
Convolution is an important tool in the construction of positive definite kernels on a manifold. This contribution provides conditions on an $L^2$-positive definite and zonal kernel on the unit sphere of $\mathbb{C}^q$ in order that the kernel can be recovered as a generalized convolution root of an equally positive definite and zonal kernel.
Positive definite functions are fundamental to many areas of applied mathematics, probability theory, spatial statistics and machine learning, amogst others. Motivated by a problem coming from the maximum likelihood estimation under fixed domain asymptotics, we consider a new operator acting on rescaled weighted differences between two members of the class $Φ_d$ of positive definite radial functions,. In particular, we study the positive definiteness of the operator for the Matérn, Generalized Cauchy and Generalized Wendland families. It turns out that proposed operator allows to govern differ…
Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion and distance covariance are methods to describe independence of random variables using either the Kronecker product of positive definite kernels or the Kronecker product of conditionally negative definite kernels. In this paper we generalize both methods by providing an independence criteria using a new concept, of positive definite independent kernels. We provide a characterization of the radial kernels that are positive definite independent on all Euclidean spaces and we present several examples.
We present sufficient condition for a family of positive definite kernels on a compact two-point homogeneous space to be strictly positive definite based on their representation as a series of spherical harmonics. The family analyzed is a generalization of the isotropic kernels and the case of a real sphere is analyzed in details.
We show that isotropic positive definite functions on the $d$-dimensional sphere which are $2k$ times differentiable at zero have $2k+[(d-1)/2]$ continuous derivatives on $(0,π)$. This result is analogous to the result for radial positive definite functions on Euclidean spaces. We prove optimality of the result for all odd dimensions. The proof relies on montée, descente and turning bands operators on spheres which parallel the corresponding operators originating in the work of Matheron for radial positive definite functions on Euclidian spaces.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of zeros of entire functions which can be represented as the Fourier transforms of certain admissible kernels. The principal results bring to light the intimate connection between the Bochner-Khinchin-Mathias theory of positive definite kernels and the generalized real Laguerre inequalities. The concavity and convexity properties of the Jacobi theta function play a prominent role throughout this work. The paper concludes with several questions and open problems.
We consider the problem of characterizing entrywise functions that preserve the cone of positive definite matrices when applied to every off-diagonal element. Our results extend theorems of Schoenberg [Duke Math. J. 9], Rudin [Duke Math. J. 26], Christensen and Ressel [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 243], and others, where similar problems were studied when the function is applied to all elements, including the diagonal ones. It is shown that functions that are guaranteed to preserve positive definiteness cannot at the same time induce sparsity, i.e., set elements to zero. These results have importa…
The aim of this paper is to investigate the cone of non-negative, radial, positive-definite functions in the set of continuous functions on $\R^d$. Elements of this cone admit a Choquet integral representation in terms of the extremals. The main feature of this article is to characterize some large classes of such extremals. In particular, we show that there many other extremals than the gaussians, thus disproving a conjecture of G. Choquet and that no reasonable conjecture can be made on the full set of extremals. The last feature of this article is to show that many characterizations of posi…
Given a functional for a one-dimensional physical system, a classical problem is to minimize it by finding stationary solutions and then checking the positive definiteness of the second variation. Establishing the positive definiteness is, in general, analytically untractable. However, we show here that a global geometric analysis of the phase-plane trajectories associated with the stationary solutions leads to generic conditions for minimality. These results provide a straightforward and direct proof of positive definiteness, or lack thereof, in many important cases. In particular, when appli…
The paper introduces a new characterisation of strictly positive definiteness for kernels on the 2-sphere without assuming the kernel to be radially (isotropic) or axially symmetric. The results use the series expansion of the kernel in spherical harmonics. Then additional sufficient conditions are proven for kernels with a block structure of expansion coefficients. These generalise the result derived by Chen et al. 2003 for radial kernels to non-radial kernels.
