弯曲时空中量子场论的荷电扇区、自旋和统计
Charged sectors, spin and statistics in quantum field theory on curved spacetimes
摘要：
本文的第一部分将超选择扇区的Doplicher-Haag-Roberts理论推广到任意整体双曲时空上的量子场论。超选择扇区的统计可以定义为在平坦时空中，当时空具有非紧柯西曲面时，每个电荷具有共轭电荷。在这种情况下，场网和规范群可以像闵可夫斯基时空那样构造。本文的第二部分在适当的对称性下导出了时空的自旋统计定理。考虑两种情况：首先，如果时空有一个分叉的Killing视界，就像黑洞存在的情况一样，那么将可观测量限制在Killing视界，加上Killing流的“模协方差”，就得到了圆上的共形协变量子场论和可定域在Killing视界上的带电扇区的共形自旋统计定理。其次，如果时空具有像Schwarzschild-Kruskal黑洞那样的旋转和PT对称性，旋转对称性的“几何模作用”导致了带电协变扇区的自旋统计定理，其中自旋通过空间旋转群SO（3）的SU（2）-覆盖来定义。
英文摘要：
The first part of this paper extends the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts theory of superselection sectors to quantum field theory on arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetimes. The statistics of a superselection sector may be defined as in flat spacetime and each charge has a conjugate charge when the spacetime possesses non-compact Cauchy surfaces. In this case, the field net and the gauge group can be constructed as in Minkowski spacetime. The second part of this paper derives spin-statistics theorems on spacetimes with appropriate symmetries. Two situations are considered: First, if the spacetime has a bifurcate Killing horizon, as is the case in the presence of black holes, then restricting the observables to the Killing horizon together with "modular covariance" for the Killing flow yields a conformally covariant quantum field theory on the circle and a conformal spin-statistics theorem for charged sectors localizable on the Killing horizon. Secondly, if the spacetime has a rotation and PT symmetry like the Schwarzschild-Kruskal black holes, "geometric modular action" of the rotational symmetry leads to a spin-statistics theorem for charged covariant sectors where the spin is defined via the SU(2)-covering of the spatial rotation group SO(3).
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