循环热力学过程和熵产生
Cyclic thermodynamic processes and entropy production
摘要：
本文研究了在不同温度下，耦合到多个自由费米子库的周期驱动量子力学系统的时间演化。这是一个循环热力学过程的范例。我们引入的概念，Floquet Liouvillean作为发电机的动态扩展希尔伯特空间。我们表明，时间周期状态的耦合系统的真实状态收敛后，非常多的周期对应于一个零能量共振的Floquet Liouvillean。然后，我们表明，每个周期的熵产生是（严格）积极的，这意味着卡诺的热力学第二定律的制定属性。
英文摘要：
We study the time evolution of a periodically driven quantum-mechanical system coupled to several reserviors of free fermions at different temperatures. This is a paradigm of a cyclic thermodynamic process. We introduce the notion of a Floquet Liouvillean as the generator of the dynamics on an extended Hilbert space. We show that the time-periodic state to which the true state of the coupled system converges after very many periods corresponds to a zero-energy resonance of the Floquet Liouvillean. We then show that the entropy production per cycle is (strictly) positive, a property that implies Carnot's formulation of the second law of thermodynamics.
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