物质与库仑力和量子化电磁场相互作用的热力学极限：I.下限
The thermodynamic limit for matter interacting with Coulomb forces and with the quantized electromagnetic field: I. The lower bound
摘要：
在非相对论性量子力学的框架中，电子和原子核通过库仑势相互作用的热力学极限的存在性的证明在几十年前就已经完成了。然而，这个结果没有考虑由磁场引起的相互作用（特别是自旋-自旋相互作用），也没有考虑电磁场的量子化性质。最近的进展使得在非相对论QED的背景下进行这样的证明成为可能。本文包含了这样一个证明的一部分，给出了一个自由能的下限，它与粒子的数量成正比，并且考虑到了这样一个事实，即场与粒子不同，永远不会局限于有限的体积。在前面的证明中，下界是“物质稳定性”的“双线”推论。在量子电动力学中，证明要复杂得多。
英文摘要：
The proof of the existence of the thermodynamic limit for electrons and nuclei interacting via the Coulomb potential, in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, was accomplished decades ago. This result did not take account of interactions caused by magnetic fields, however, (the spin-spin interaction, in particular) or of the quantized nature of the electromagnetic field. Recent progress has made it possible to undertake such a proof in the context of non-relativistic QED. This paper contains one part of such a proof by giving a lower bound to the free energy which is proportional to the number of particles and which takes account of the fact that the field, unlike the particles, is never confined to a finite volume. In the earlier proof the lower bound was a `two line' corollary of the `stability of matter'. In QED the proof is much more complicated.
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